Table 6.
Risk factors for patient-related adverse events during intra-hospital transport
| Variable | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95 % CI) | P value | OR (95 % CI) | P value | |
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Age, yr | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.67 | NT | |
| Sex | 0.94 (0.58–1.51) | 0.79 | NT | |
| Weight, kg | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.06 | NT | |
| < 65 | Reference | – | ||
| ≥ 65 | 1.46 (0.92–2.32) | 0.11 | ||
| ICU admission type | 1.04 (0.80–1.34) | 0.79 | NT | |
| Clinical characteristics before transport | ||||
| APACHE II score | 1.43 (1.06–1.91) | 0.02* | ||
| ≤ 11 | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| 12–19 | 1.25 (0.74–2.12) | 0.40 | 1.27 (0.73–2.22) | 0.40 |
| ≥ 20 | 2.11 (1.14–3.88) | 0.02* | 1.89 (0.98–3.67) | 0.06 |
| Glasgow Coma Scale score | 1.14 (0.86–1.51) | 0.36 | NT | |
| 15 | Reference | – | ||
| 9–14 | 0.86 (0.47–1.56) | 0.62 | ||
| ≤ 8 | 1.39 (0.77–2.51) | 0.27 | ||
| Artificial airway | 1.26 (0.80–2.01) | 0.32 | NT | |
| Ventilation | 1.22 (0.77–1.94) | 0.40 | NT | |
| Number of catheters | 1.24 (1.00–1.54) | 0.05 | NT | |
| Arterial blood gas analysis | ||||
| pH | ||||
| 7.35–7.45 | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| < 7.35 or >7.45 | 1.55 (1.34–1.88) | 0.01* | 1.53 (1.32–1.88) | 0.01* |
| PaO2 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.07 | NT | |
| PaCO2, mmHg | ||||
| 35–45 | Reference | – | ||
| < 35 or >45 | 1.61 (1.38–1.97) | 0.04* | 1.49 (1.29–1.81) | 0.00* |
| Bicarbonate level, mmol/L | NT | |||
| 22–27 | Reference | – | ||
| < 22 or >27 | 1.08 (0.68–1.71) | 0.75 | ||
| Lactate level, mmol/L | 1.60 (1.17–2.18) | 0.00* | ||
| < 2 | reference | – | Reference | – |
| ≥ 2 | 2.11 (1.10–4.07) | 0.03* | 1.47 (1.04–2.08) | 0.03* |
| Glucose level, mmol/L | ||||
| 4.0–10.0 | Reference | – | ||
| < 4 or >10 | 2.27 (1.21–4.28) | 0.01* | 1.97 (1.01–3.84) | 0.04* |
| Vital signs | ||||
| SBP, mmHg | NT | |||
| 90–150 | Reference | – | ||
| < 90 or >150 | 1.37 (0.67–2.82) | 0.39 | ||
| DBP, mmHg | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.12 | NT | |
| MAP, mmHg | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 0.08 | NT | |
| Heart rate | ||||
| 50–110 | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| < 50 or >110 | 3.02 (1.40–6.51) | 0.00* | 2.73 (1.21–6.16) | 0.02* |
| Respiratory rate | ||||
| 12–25 | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| < 12 or >25 | 2.33 (1.19–4.59) | 0.01* | 2.00 (0.98–4.10) | 0.06 |
| Pulse oximetry | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | 0.13 | NT | |
| Analgesia | 1.60 (0.78–3.27) | 0.20 | NT | |
| Sedation | 1.42 (0.80–2.54) | 0.24 | NT | |
| Vasoactive drug support | 2.02 (1.09–3.75) | 0.03* | 1.85 (0.97–3.55) | 0.06 |
| Transport characteristics | ||||
| Analgesia | 1.25 (0.56–2.78) | 0.59 | NT | |
| Sedation | 1.07 (0.58–1.95) | 0.83 | NT | |
| Vasoactive drug support | 1.60 (0.86–2.99) | 0.14 | NT | |
| Emergency transport | 0.52 (0.26–1.03) | 0.06 | NT | |
| Multiple IHTs of one patient | 1.29 (0.76–2.18) | 0.34 | NT | |
| Night transport | 0.64 (0.22–1.91) | 0.43 | NT | |
| Transport duration, minutes | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.32 | NT | |
APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, PaO 2 partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, PaCO 2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, NT not tested, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
*P < 0.05