Table 7.
Risk factors for critical patient-related adverse events during intra-hospital transport
| Variable | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95 % CI) | P value | OR (95 % CI) | P value | |
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Age, yr | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.71 | NT | |
| Sex | 0.70 (0.46–1.08) | 0.10 | NT | |
| Weight, kg | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | 0.00* | ||
| < 65 | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| ≥ 65 | 1.95 (1.30–2.94) | 0.00* | 1.55 (0.95–2.54) | 0.08 |
| ICU admission type | 0.95 (0.76–1.19) | 0.67 | NT | |
| Clinical characteristics before transport | ||||
| APACHE II score | 1.66 (1.29–2.14) | 0.00* | ||
| ≤ 11 | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| 12–19 | 1.66 (1.01–2.74) | 0.04* | 1.44 (0.79–2.63) | 0.23 |
| ≥ 20 | 2.75 (1.66–4.57) | 0.00* | 2.49 (1.23–5.03) | 0.01* |
| Glasgow Coma Scale score | 0.76 (0.60–0.96) | 0.02* | ||
| 15 | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| 9–14 | 0.93 (0.53–1.64) | 0.80 | 0.67 (0.33–1.38) | 0.28 |
| ≤ 8 | 1.82 (1.14–2.91) | 0.01* | 0.89 (0.46–1.74) | 0.74 |
| Artificial airway | 1.38 (0.92–2.07) | 0.12 | NT | |
| Ventilation | 1.48 (0.99–2.20) | 0.06 | NT | |
| Number of catheter | 1.28 (1.07–1.54) | 0.01* | 1.20 (0.95–1.51) | 0.13 |
| Arterial blood gas analysis | ||||
| pH | NT | |||
| 7.35–7.45 | Reference | – | ||
| < 7.35 or >7.45 | 1.03 (0.69–1.54) | 0.88 | ||
| PaO2, mmHg | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.00* | ||
| ≥ 80 | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| < 80 | 2.49 (1.61–3.86) | 0.00* | 2.26 (1.31–3.91) | 0.00* |
| PaCO2, mmHg | NT | |||
| 35–45 | Reference | – | ||
| < 35 or >45 | 1.36 (0.91–2.02) | 0.13 | ||
| Bicarbonate level, mmol/L | NT | |||
| 22–27 | Reference | – | ||
| < 22 or >27 | 1.28 (0.86–1.92) | 0.23 | ||
| Lactate level, mmol/L | 1.87 (1.51–2.33) | 0.00* | ||
| < 2 | Reference | – | ||
| ≥ 2 | 2.82 (1.77–4.49) | 0.00* | 3.12 (1.75–5.58) | 0.00* |
| Glucose level, mmol/L | ||||
| 4.0–10.0 | Reference | – | ||
| < 4 or >10 | 2.24 (1.43–3.50) | 0.00* | 1.80 (1.05–3.08) | 0.03* |
| Vital signs | ||||
| SBP, mmHg | NT | |||
| 90–150 | Reference | – | ||
| < 90 or >150 | 1.10 (0.62–1.95) | 0.74 | ||
| DBP, mmHg | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 0.64 | NT | |
| MAP, mmHg | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.95 | NT | |
| Heart rate | ||||
| 50–110 | Reference | – | ||
| < 50 or >110 | 4.53 (2.76–7.42) | 0.00* | 2.97 (1.66–5.32) | 0.00* |
| Respiratory rate | ||||
| 12–25 | Reference | – | ||
| < 12 or >25 | 3.06 (1.92–4.89) | 0.00* | 2.45 (1.39–4.33) | 0.00* |
| Pulse oximetry | 0.84 (0.78–0.91) | 0.00* | ||
| ≥ 95 | Reference | – | ||
| < 95 | 3.56 (1.94–6.52) | 0.00* | 2.79 (1.31–5.95) | 0.01* |
| Analgesia | 1.34 (0.78–2.30) | 0.28 | NT | |
| Sedation | 1.96 (1.25–3.09) | 0.00* | 1.87 (1.07–3.29) | 0.03* |
| Vasoactive drug support | 1.51 (0.96–2.37) | 0.07 | NT | |
| Transport characteristics | ||||
| Analgesia | 0.90 (0.47–1.76) | 0.76 | NT | |
| Sedation | 1.27 (0.77–2.10) | 0.36 | NT | |
| Vasoactive drug support | 1.76 (1.10–2.83) | 0.02* | 1.63 (0.92–2.88) | 0.10 |
| Emergency transport | 1.54 (1.33–1.89) | 0.01* | 1.26 (0.68–2.35) | 0.47 |
| Multiple IHTs of one patient | 0.84 (0.54–1.31) | 0.45 | NT | |
| Night transport | 0.83 (0.37–1.87) | 0.65 | NT | |
| Transport duration, minutes | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.18 | NT | |
APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, PaO 2 partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, PaCO 2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, NT not tested, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
*P < 0.05