Table 1.

Descriptive Characteristics

Variable	N	Values
Age
Mean	91	39.37
Standard Deviation		± 11.29
Range		20–62
Stable Methadone Blocking Dose
Mean	85*	111.98mg/day
Standard Deviation		± 60.80
Range		20–330
Weeks to Stabilization
Mean	91	11.01
Standard Deviation		± 9.38
Range		1–56**
Variable	N	Percentage
Gender
Female	55	60.4%
Male	36	39.6%
Race/Ethnicity
African America	12	13.5%
Caucasian	70	78.7%
Hispanic	6	6.7%
Other	1	1.1%
Opiate Route of Administration⋄
Intravenous		67.8 %
Oral	91	50%
Intranasal		49.4%
Combination of ≥ 2 of the Above		38.9%
History of Illicit Drug Use: Lifetime+⋄
Marijuana	91	71.5%
Stimulants		64.8%
Benzodiazepines		70.3%
Combination of ≥ 2 of the Above		80.2%
History of Illicit Drug Use: Recent+⋄
Marijuana		42%++
Stimulants	91	39.3%
Benzodiazepines		51.7%
Combination of ≥ 2 of the Above		46.6%

^*6 individuals did not stabilize within the initial 9 month period

^**only data from those that stabilized within the initial 9 month period were considered.

^⋄values do not sum to 100% due to poly-drug use.

⁺in addition to opiates

⁺⁺values may be biased by purposeful sampling for cannabis use while in treatment.