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. 2015 Jul 20;128(14):1922–1931. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.160546

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Patients’ recruitment flow chart. Patients were excluded from our study for the following reasons: 1 for ASA physical level of III–V; 1 for twin pregnancy; 2 for contraindications for spinal anesthesia; 2 for known fetal abnormalities; 3 for known coexisting diseases except HDP; 6 for early-onset HDP, 2 for gestational weeks <37 weeks, 2 for unstable HDP, and 1 for refusing to participate. GDFT: Goal-directed fluid therapy; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiology; HDP: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.