Table 1.
Demographic, clinical characteristics of the study population
| Characteristics | AHI <5 (n = 73) | 5≤ AHI <15 (n = 67) | 15≤ AHI <30 (n = 82) | AHI ≥30 (n = 179) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 41 ± 12 | 47 ± 11 | 48 ± 10 | 44 ± 11 | 0.001 |
| Duration of disease, months, mean (range) | 60 (34–120) | 96 (36–120) | 108 (48–120) | 120 (72–180) | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 52 (71.2) | 55 (82.1) | 72 (87.8) | 171 (95.5) | <0.001 |
| Snoring, n (%) | 65 (89.0) | 63 (94.0) | 80 (97.6) | 173 (96.6) | 0.051 |
| Restless sleep, n (%) | 8 (11.0) | 11 (16.4) | 7 (8.5) | 18 (10.1) | 0.443 |
| Choking, n (%) | 39 (53.4) | 48 (71.6) | 63 (76.8) | 142 (79.3) | <0.001 |
| Daytime sleepiness, n (%) | 41 (56.2) | 22 (32.8) | 33 (40.2) | 90 (50.3) | 0.018 |
| Lack of energy, n (%) | 19 (26.0) | 35 (52.2) | 48 (58.5) | 133 (74.3) | <0.001 |
| Dizziness, n (%) | 34 (46.6) | 31 (46.3) | 36 (43.9) | 75 (41.9) | 0.884 |
| Torpid reaction, n (%) | 1 (1.4) | 4 (6.0) | 4 (4.9) | 4 (2.2) | 0.298 |
| Hearing loss, n (%) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (3.0) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0.505 |
| Morning headache, n (%) | 21 (28.8) | 17 (25.4) | 22 (26.8) | 40 (22.3) | 0.711 |
| Memory loss, n (%) | 23 (31.5) | 22 (32.8) | 28 (34.1) | 44 (24.6) | 0.329 |
| Concentrating difficulty, n (%) | 10 (13.7) | 12 (17.9) | 11 (13.4) | 25 (14.0) | 0.853 |
| Early awakening, n (%) | 8 (11.0) | 3 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Chest tightness, n (%) | 12 (16.4) | 5 (7.5) | 11 (13.4) | 13 (7.3) | 0.100 |
| Mouth dryness, n (%) | 43 (58.9) | 44 (65.7) | 60 (73.2) | 138 (77.1) | 0.023 |
| Mouth pain, n (%) | 7 (9.6) | 7 (10.4) | 9 (11.0) | 24 (13.4) | 0.810 |
| Acid reflux, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0.666 |
| Drooling, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.1) | 0.477 |
| Night sweating, n (%) | 6 (8.2) | 7 (10.4) | 4 (4.9) | 12 (6.7) | 0.595 |
| Nocturia ≥2, n (%) | 11 (15.1) | 23 (34.3) | 28 (34.1) | 64 (35.8) | 0.011 |
| Loss of libido, n (%) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.2) | 3 (1.7) | 0.993 |
| Irritability, n (%) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.663 |
| Difficulty of falling asleep, n (%) | 10 (13.7) | 10 (14.9) | 5 (6.1) | 2 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Height, cm, mean (range) | 168 (162–171) | 168 (164–172) | 168 (162–172) | 170 (166–174) | 0.003 |
| Weight, kg, mean (range) | 68 (60–75) | 76 (65–82) | 75 (70–81) | 81 (75–88) | <0.001 |
| Neck circumference, cm, mean (range) | 37 (35–40) | 39 (37–41) | 40 (38–42) | 41 (39–43) | <0.001 |
| Chest circumference, cm, mean (range) | 94 (89–100) | 100 (93–104) | 98 (96–104) | 103 (99–108) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm, mean (range) | 90 (85–98) | 99 (92–103) | 98 (94–104) | 103 (98–110) | <0.001 |
| Presleep systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (range) | 126 (116–135) | 128 (120–137) | 128 (118–139) | 130 (120–138) | 0.188 |
| Presleep diastolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (range) | 79 (73–86) | 78 (72–85) | 80 (74–86) | 81 (77–88) | 0.036 |
| Postsleep systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (range) | 122 (112–131) | 127 (118–137) | 127 (120–138) | 130 (122–142) | <0.001 |
| Postsleep diastolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (range) | 80 (72–85) | 81 (74–88) | 82 (78–88) | 85 (78–93) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 17 (23.3) | 24 (35.8) | 27 (32.9) | 87 (48.6) | 0.001 |
SD: Standard deviation; AHI: Apnea hypopnea index.