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. 2016 Jan 19;6:193. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00193

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Copyright © 2016 Nies, Sancar, Liu, van Zutphen, Struik, Yu, Atkins, Evans, Jonker and Downes.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Figure summarizing the major metabolic effects of pharmacological administration of FGF1, FGF19, and FGF21. FGF1 and FGF19 can affect metabolism when infused directly into the brain. However, it is currently unclear to what extent they cross the BBB when peripherally administered, and whether the concentration that reaches the brain influences whole body physiology. For FGF21, it has been shown that its central actions contribute considerably to its pharmacological effects. All three FGFs are thought to affect whole body metabolism via signaling in the WAT. In addition, FGF19 also acts via the liver.