Table 3.
Subgroup analyses of fruit and vegetable and their fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes, comparing highest vs lowest intake
| Fruit only | Vegetable only | Fruit and vegetable | Fruit fiber | Vegetable fiber | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohorts, n | RR (95% CI) | Cohorts, n | RR (95% CI) | Cohorts, n | RR (95% CI) | Cohorts, n | RR (95% CI) | Cohorts, n | RR (95% CI) | |
| All | 13 | 0.91 (0.87,0.96) | 10 | 0.91 (0.82,1.01) | 9 | 0.95 (0.90,1.02) | 18 | 1.00 (0.99,1.02) | 17 | 0.94 (0.86,1.03) |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 3 | 0.98 (0.85,1.12) | 2 | 0.81 (0.65,1.00) | 3 | 0.87 (0.71,1.06) | 4 | 0.95 (0.86,1.04) | 5 | 0.91 (0.73,1.14) |
| Female | 7 | 0.92 (0.86,0.97) | 5 | 0.95 (0.80,1.13) | 5 | 1.00 (0.92,1.08) | 7 | 0.96 (0.89,1.04) | 7 | 1.01 (0.93,1.10) |
| M&F | 3 | 0.84 (0.74,0.96) | 3 | 0.91 (0.83,1.01) | 1 | 0.90 (0.80,1.01) | 7 | 1.00 (0.99,1.02) | 5 | 0.86 (0.70,1.05) |
| Duration of follow‐up (year) | ||||||||||
| <10 | 6 | 0.99 (0.90,1.09) | 6 | 0.89 (0.75,1.07) | 4 | 1.03 (0.91,1.16) | 11 | 1.00 (0.99,1.02) | 9 | 1.03 (0.92,1.14) |
| ≥10 | 7 | 0.88 (0.83,0.94) | 4 | 0.94 (0.83,1.06) | 5 | 0.93 (0.86,1.00) | 7 | 0.94 (0.88,1.02) | 8 | 0.86 (0.77,0.97) |
| Location | ||||||||||
| Asia | 3 | 0.96 (0.82,1.12) | 3 | 0.77 (0.61,0.98) | 2 | 0.97 (0.75,1.25) | 1 | 0.55 (0.32,0.95) | 1 | 0.45 (0.25,0.82) |
| Non‐Asia | 10 | 0.91 (0.86,0.96) | 7 | 0.97 (0.90,1.05) | 7 | 0.95 (0.89,1.02) | 17 | 1.00 (0.99,1.02) | 16 | 0.95 (0.88,1.04) |
| Study quality | ||||||||||
| <7 | 5 | 0.91 (0.84,0.98) | 3 | 0.85 (0.60,1.19) | 4 | 0.98 (0.87,1.12) | 6 | 1.00 (0.99,1.02) | 5 | 0.97 (0.80,1.18) |
| ≥7 | 8 | 0.92 (0.86,0.98) | 7 | 0.96 (0.88,1.04) | 5 | 0.94 (0.88,1.02) | 12 | 0.93 (0.88,0.99) | 12 | 0.93 (0.84,1.03) |