A, Proportion of patients with PEM according to the degree of liver function. The proportion of patients with PEM significantly increased as the liver function deteriorates (P < 0.0001). B, The proportion of patients with PEM based on numbers of significant factors in our multivariate analysis (age ≥64 years, AST ≥40 IU/L, and BTR ≤5.2) in patients with chronic hepatitis or Child–Pugh A (n = 339). Group A means patients with age ≥64 years, AST ≥40 IU/L, and BTR ≤5.2. Group B means patients who had any 2 factors out of the above 3 factors. Group C means patients who had any 1 factor out of 3 factors. Group D means patients who had none of 3 factors. The proportion of PEM among four groups were significantly stratified (P < 0.0001). C, The proportion of patients with PEM based on numbers of significant factors in our multivariate analysis (age ≥64 years, AST ≥40 IU/L, and BTR ≤5.2) in patients with Child–Pugh B or C (n = 93). Group E means patients with age ≥64 years, AST ≥40 IU/L, and BTR ≤5.2. Group F means patients who had any 2 factors out of the above 3 factors. Group G means patients who had any 1 factor out of 3 factors. Group H means patients who had none of 3 factors. The proportion of PEM among 4 groups tended to be significantly stratified (P = 0.0673). D, The proportion of patients with PEM based on numbers of significant factors in our multivariate analysis (age ≥64 years, AST ≥40 IU/L, and BTR ≤ 5.2) in patients with chronic hepatitis C related liver disease (n = 246). Group I means patients with age ≥64 years, AST ≥40 IU/L, and BTR ≤5.2. Group J means patients who had any 2 factors out of the above 3 factors. Group K means patients who had any 1 factor out of 3 factors. Group L means patients who had none of 3 factors. The proportion of PEM among 4 groups were significantly stratified (P < 0.0001).