Table 1. Parkinson’s disease (PD) and non-PD “control” peers demographic, motor, general cognition, and mood characteristics.
| Measure | PD (n = 40) | Non-PD (n = 40) | t, u, x2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | 67.80 ± 5.44, 60/79 | 68.18 ± 4.64, 62/79 | -0.33 | 0.74 |
| Education | 16.28 ± 3.03, 10/20 | 16.75 ± 2.35, 12/20 | -0.78 | 0.44 |
| Sex (M:F) | 32:8 | 33:7 | 0.08 | 0.78 |
| Handedness | 0.45 ± 3.66, 12/24 | 1.20 ± 3.07, 13/24 | -0.99 | 0.32 |
| Charlson Comorbidity | 0.30 ±0.72, 0/4 | 0.28 ± .61, 0/2 | 0.12 | 0.91 |
| Motor | ||||
| UPDRS-III | 17.58 ± 10.74, 3/46 | 2.75 ± 3.36*; 0/15 | 83.50 | <0.001 |
| H&Y | 1.64±0.76, 1/3 | -- | -- | -- |
| Disease Duration (yrs) | 7.50 ± 5.15, 0/26 | -- | -- | -- |
| < 10 years duration | 33 of 40; 83% | -- | -- | -- |
| l-Dopa Equiv. Score | 685.79 ± 371.49; 0/1450 | 1.00 ± 6.32*, 0/40 | -- | -- |
| Side of Onset | 25 R / 14 L / 1 axial | -- | -- | -- |
| General Cognition | ||||
| WTAR Est. IQ | 107.35 ± 7.68, 81/118 | 108.80 ± 8.76, 86/119 | -0.79 | 0.43 |
| DRS-2 Total | 139.43 ± 3.13, 131/144 | 140.20± 2.49, 133/144 | -1.23 | 0.22 |
| Mood | ||||
| BDI-II raw | 2.33 ± 2.99, 0/28 | 9.03 ± 6.93, 0/16 | -5.61 | <0.001 |
| Apathy Scale | 19.18 ± 4.22, 2/20 | 11.90 ± 6.6, 2/26 | -2.20 | 0.03 |
| State Anxiety | 34.80 ± 11.00, 20/74 | 28.20 ± 6.46, 20/47 | -3.27 | <0.01 |
| Trait Anxiety | 33.33 ± 9.98, 20/54 | 30.30 ±7.29, 20/53 | -1.54 | 0.13 |
MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; DRS-2 = Dementia Rating Scale– 2nd Version; WTAR = Wechsler Test of Adult Reading; UPDRS Total = United Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Total score; l-Dopa Equiv. Score = Levodopa Equivalent Score = Total Daily levodopa dosage intake in milligrams.
*One control was on levodopa for restless leg syndrome; BDI-2 = Beck Depression Inventory-2.