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. 2016 Jan 19;11(1):e0146806. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146806

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© 2016 Arterbery, Bogue

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig 2 — Hhex^-/- HE cells did not show mRNA expression consistent with hepatic differentiation. A-E) Comparison of fold-change in normalized mRNA gene expression using differentiation-stage specific markers. Comparison of pluripotency gene markers reveal Hhex^-/- (red) cells showed increased pluripotency relative to Hhex^+/+ (blue) at each differentiation stage, particularly during HE differentiation (A, B, and E). Comparison of definitive endodermal gene markers reveal Hhex^-/- cells fail to exhibit significant decreases in definitive endodermal gene expression characteristic of HE differentiation (C), and as seen in Hhex^+/+ HE cells. Hhex^+/+ HE cells showed dramatic increase in hepatic gene expression (D), while Hhex^-/- cells showed a heavily attenuated expression. Comparison of Vegf signaling gene markers showed that Hhex^-/- cells exhibit increased levels of ligands (Vegf-a) and receptor (Vegfr1 and Vegfr2) gene expression at each differentiation stage, but particularly during HE differentiation (A, B, and C). (Note raw data is presented in S1 Fig) (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001).