Table 5. Subregional estimates (median and 95% uncertainty interval) of the proportion of illnesses caused by Campylobacter spp., non-typhoidal Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Brucella spp. and Shigella spp. through each exposure pathway.
Hazard | Subregion | Food | Animal Contact (Domestic and Wild) | Human to Human Contact | Water | Soil | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Campylobacter spp. | AFR D | 0.57 (0.31–0.77) | 0.18 (0.00–0.42) | 0.04 (0.00–0.22) | 0.09 (0.01–0.29) | 0.00 (0.00–0.12) | 0.06 (0.00–0.16) |
AFR E | 0.57 (0.29–0.77) | 0.17 (0.00–0.42) | 0.04 (0.00–0.23) | 0.09 (0.00–0.30) | 0.00 (0.00–0.12) | 0.06 (0.00–0.16) | |
AMR A | 0.73 (0.38–0.91) | 0.10 (0.00–0.37) | 0.00 (0.00–0.20) | 0.11 (0.00–0.32) | 0.00 (0.00–0.11) | 0.00 (0.00–0.02) | |
AMR B | 0.68 (0.41–0.82) | 0.11 (0.00–0.33) | 0.03 (0.00–0.21) | 0.08 (0.00–0.27) | 0.00 (0.00–0.11) | 0.06 (0.00–0.16) | |
AMR D | 0.67 (0.37–0.81) | 0.12 (0.01–0.36) | 0.03 (0.00–0.21) | 0.08 (0.00–0.29) | 0.00 (0.00–0.15) | 0.06 (0.00–0.16) | |
EMR B | 0.67 (0.38–0.82) | 0.11 (0.01–0.35) | 0.03 (0.00–0.27) | 0.07 (0.00–0.29) | 0.00 (0.00–0.15) | 0.06 (0.00–0.15) | |
EMR D | 0.67 (0.41–0.82) | 0.11 (0.00–0.34) | 0.03 (0.00–0.22) | 0.07 (0.00–0.27) | 0.00 (0.00–0.20) | 0.06 (0.00–0.15) | |
EUR A | 0.76 (0.44–0.93) | 0.08 (0.00–0.31) | 0.01 (0.00–0.13) | 0.06 (0.00–0.35) | 0.01 (0.00–0.09) | 0.00 (0.00–0.08) | |
EUR B | 0.66 (0.34–0.87) | 0.11 (0.00–0.39) | 0.03 (0.00–0.21) | 0.12 (0.00–0.40) | 0.03 (0.00–0.13) | 0.00 (0.00–0.05) | |
EUR C | 0.66 (0.34–0.87) | 0.11 (0.00–0.38) | 0.03 (0.00–0.23) | 0.12 (0.00–0.39) | 0.03 (0.00–0.19) | 0.00 (0.00–0.02) | |
SEAR B | 0.57 (0.27–0.81) | 0.13 (0.00–0.36) | 0.11 (0.00–0.36) | 0.05 (0.00–0.35) | 0.03 (0.00–0.21) | 0.02 (0.00–0.06) | |
SEAR D | 0.51 (0.03–0.79) | 0.11 (0.00–0.39) | 0.11 (0.01–0.41) | 0.07 (0.00–0.44) | 0.03 (0.00–0.32) | 0.02 (0.00–0.10) | |
WPR A | 0.68 (0.40–0.89) | 0.13 (0.00–0.33) | 0.00 (0.00–0.23) | 0.11 (0.00–0.32) | 0.00 (0.00–0.08) | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | |
WPR B | 0.57 (0.25–0.82) | 0.17 (0.00–0.42) | 0.06 (0.00–0.34) | 0.05 (0.00–0.32) | 0.03 (0.00–0.15) | 0.02 (0.00–0.07) | |
Non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. | AFR D | 0.46 (0.13–0.74) | 0.15 (0.00–0.43) | 0.18 (0.00–0.48) | 0.10 (0.00–0.39) | 0.01 (0.00–0.13) | 0.02 (0.00–0.06) |
AFR E | 0.46 (0.10–0.73) | 0.15 (0.00–0.42) | 0.18 (0.00–0.48) | 0.10 (0.00–0.40) | 0.01 (0.00–0.19) | 0.02 (0.00–0.08) | |
AMR A | 0.73 (0.38–0.91) | 0.10 (0.00–0.39) | 0.05 (0.00–0.28) | 0.02 (0.00–0.22) | 0.00 (0.00–0.09) | 0.00 (0.00–0.05) | |
AMR B | 0.49 (0.09–0.74) | 0.19 (0.00–0.45) | 0.15 (0.00–0.40) | 0.09 (0.00–0.32) | 0.01 (0.00–0.12) | 0.02 (0.00–0.05) | |
AMR D | 0.50 (0.14–0.75) | 0.19 (0.00–0.46) | 0.15 (0.00–0.39) | 0.09 (0.00–0.31) | 0.01 (0.00–0.12) | 0.02 (0.00–0.05) | |
EMR B | 0.50 (0.18–0.75) | 0.15 (0.00–0.43) | 0.15 (0.01–0.38) | 0.12 (0.00–0.33) | 0.01 (0.00–0.19) | 0.02 (0.00–0.04) | |
EMR D | 0.50 (0.19–0.74) | 0.15 (0.00–0.43) | 0.15 (0.01–0.39) | 0.12 (0.00–0.32) | 0.01 (0.00–0.21) | 0.02 (0.00–0.05) | |
EUR A | 0.76 (0.47–0.94) | 0.05 (0.00–0.30) | 0.06 (0.00–0.26) | 0.03 (0.00–0.21) | 0.00 (0.00–0.11) | 0.00 (0.00–0.14) | |
EUR B | 0.62 (0.31–0.84) | 0.10 (0.00–0.37) | 0.11 (0.01–0.32) | 0.07 (0.00–0.32) | 0.02 (0.00–0.12) | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | |
EUR C | 0.62 (0.32–0.84) | 0.10 (0.00–0.36) | 0.10 (0.00–0.32) | 0.07 (0.00–0.32) | 0.02 (0.00–0.12) | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | |
SEAR B | 0.58 (0.23–0.84) | 0.06 (0.00–0.32) | 0.10 (0.00–0.38) | 0.11 (0.00–0.40) | 0.02 (0.00–0.20) | 0.00 (0.00–0.03) | |
SEAR D | 0.54 (0.00–0.85) | 0.06 (0.00–0.37) | 0.10 (0.00–0.42) | 0.15 (0.00–0.59) | 0.02 (0.00–0.29) | 0.00 (0.00–0.06) | |
WPR A | 0.74 (0.45–0.93) | 0.09 (0.00–0.31) | 0.04 (0.00–0.28) | 0.01 (0.00–0.22) | 0.00 (0.00–0.08) | 0.00 (0.00–0.04) | |
WPR B | 0.57 (0.25–0.82) | 0.10 (0.00–0.33) | 0.12 (0.00–0.35) | 0.08 (0.00–0.37) | 0.02 (0.00–0.21) | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | |
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli | AFR D | 0.42 (0.19–0.66) | 0.21 (0.04–0.46) | 0.16 (0.00–0.33) | 0.10 (0.00–0.30) | 0.05 (0.00–0.25) | 0.00 (0.00–0.03) |
AFR E | 0.43 (0.14–0.66) | 0.21 (0.04–0.46) | 0.17 (0.01–0.34) | 0.10 (0.00–0.34) | 0.05 (0.00–0.19) | 0.00 (0.00–0.03) | |
AMR A | 0.59 (0.19–0.84) | 0.13 (0.00–0.41) | 0.07 (0.00–0.32) | 0.07 (0.00–0.31) | 0.00 (0.00–0.13) | 0.00 (0.00–0.27) | |
AMR B | 0.53 (0.24–0.73) | 0.17 (0.01–0.44) | 0.11 (0.01–0.29) | 0.08 (0.00–0.32) | 0.04 (0.00–0.21) | 0.00 (0.00–0.03) | |
AMR D | 0.53 (0.24–0.75) | 0.15 (0.00–0.43) | 0.11 (0.01–0.29) | 0.09 (0.00–0.32) | 0.04 (0.00–0.17) | 0.00 (0.00–0.03) | |
EMR B | 0.53 (0.24–0.76) | 0.15 (0.02–0.43) | 0.11 (0.00–0.29) | 0.10 (0.00–0.37) | 0.04 (0.00–0.18) | 0.00 (0.00–0.03) | |
EMR D | 0.52 (0.26–0.75) | 0.14 (0.01–0.42) | 0.11 (0.01–0.30) | 0.10 (0.00–0.37) | 0.04 (0.00–0.17) | 0.00 (0.00–0.03) | |
EUR A | 0.60 (0.26–0.83) | 0.11 (0.01–0.37) | 0.08 (0.00–0.33) | 0.07 (0.00–0.33) | 0.03 (0.00–0.19) | 0.00 (0.00–0.14) | |
EUR B | 0.49 (0.15–0.75) | 0.12 (0.00–0.42) | 0.10 (0.01–0.32) | 0.09 (0.00–0.38) | 0.08 (0.00–0.35) | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | |
EUR C | 0.49 (0.15–0.75) | 0.12 (0.00–0.42) | 0.10 (0.01–0.32) | 0.09 (0.00–0.36) | 0.08 (0.00–0.35) | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | |
SEAR B | 0.41 (0.10–0.70) | 0.12 (0.00–0.47) | 0.07 (0.00–0.31) | 0.23 (0.00–0.53) | 0.06 (0.00–0.26) | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | |
SEAR D | 0.40 (0.08–0.71) | 0.13 (0.00–0.47) | 0.06 (0.00–0.35) | 0.23 (0.00–0.53) | 0.06 (0.00–0.26) | 0.00 (0.00–0.02) | |
WPR A | 0.57 (0.25–0.82) | 0.14 (0.00–0.36) | 0.07 (0.00–0.35) | 0.07 (0.00–0.29) | 0.00 (0.00–0.16) | 0.00 (0.00–0.24) | |
WPR B | 0.43 (0.12–0.73) | 0.12 (0.00–0.44) | 0.07 (0.00–0.35) | 0.22 (0.00–0.46) | 0.06 (0.00–0.27) | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | |
Brucella spp. | AFR D | 0.44 (0.10–0.68) | 0.50 (0.26–0.81) | na | 0.01 (0.00–0.08) | 0.01 (0.00–0.10) | 0.01 (0.00–0.06) |
AFR E | 0.44 (0.06–0.70) | 0.50 (0.22–0.83) | na | 0.01 (0.00–0.12) | 0.01 (0.00–0.11) | 0.01 (0.00–0.06) | |
AMR A | 0.75 (0.28–0.93) | 0.19 (0.00–0.62) | na | 0.01 (0.00–0.04) | 0.01 (0.00–0.09) | 0.01 (0.00–0.12) | |
AMR B | 0.44 (0.09–0.69) | 0.50 (0.24–0.81) | na | 0.01 (0.00–0.08) | 0.01 (0.00–0.12) | 0.01 (0.00–0.08) | |
AMR D | 0.44 (0.09–0.72) | 0.50 (0.18–0.81) | na | 0.01 (0.00–0.12) | 0.01 (0.00–0.11) | 0.01 (0.00–0.06) | |
EMR B | 0.51 (0.08–0.80) | 0.43 (0.11–0.81) | na | 0.01 (0.00–0.07) | 0.01 (0.00–0.08) | 0.01 (0.00–0.11) | |
EMR D | 0.44 (0.07–0.70) | 0.50 (0.20–0.83) | na | 0.01 (0.00–0.14) | 0.01 (0.00–0.15) | 0.01 (0.00–0.06) | |
EUR A | 0.66 (0.23–0.90) | 0.23 (0.01–0.60) | na | 0.01 (0.00–0.04) | 0.01 (0.00–0.05) | 0.02 (0.00–0.35) | |
EUR B | 0.45 (0.09–0.71) | 0.50 (0.20–0.81) | na | 0.01 (0.00–0.07) | 0.01 (0.00–0.08) | 0.01 (0.00–0.06) | |
EUR C | 0.44 (0.10–0.73) | 0.50 (0.18–0.81) | na | 0.01 (0.00–0.06) | 0.01 (0.00–0.06) | 0.01 (0.00–0.06) | |
SEAR B | 0.51 (0.07–0.81) | 0.43 (0.10–0.81) | na | 0.01 (0.00–0.07) | 0.01 (0.00–0.07) | 0.01 (0.00–0.07) | |
SEAR D | 0.45 (0.07–0.70) | 0.50 (0.22–0.82) | na | 0.01 (0.00–0.08) | 0.01 (0.00–0.07) | 0.01 (0.00–0.06) | |
WPR A | 0.71 (0.28–0.92) | 0.18 (0.00–0.58) | na | 0.01 (0.00–0.09) | 0.01 (0.00–0.26) | 0.02 (0.00–0.30) | |
WPR B | 0.51 (0.07–0.80) | 0.43 (0.12–0.81) | na | 0.01 (0.00–0.07) | 0.01 (0.00–0.07) | 0.01 (0.00–0.07) | |
Shigella spp. | AFR D | 0.15 (0.00–0.52) | na | 0.50 (0.06–0.81) | 0.27 (0.03–0.62) | 0.00 (0.00–0.19) | 0.00 (0.00–0.13) |
AFR E | 0.15 (0.00–0.51) | na | 0.50 (0.08–0.80) | 0.26 (0.05–0.61) | 0.00 (0.00–0.19) | 0.00 (0.00–0.16) | |
AMR A | 0.12 (0.00–0.46) | na | 0.69 (0.33–0.93) | 0.10 (0.00–0.41) | 0.00 (0.00–0.21) | 0.00 (0.00–0.06) | |
AMR B | 0.14 (0.00–0.52) | na | 0.51 (0.10–0.81) | 0.27 (0.03–0.61) | 0.00 (0.00–0.18) | 0.00 (0.00–0.06) | |
AMR D | 0.14 (0.00–0.52) | na | 0.51 (0.11–0.80) | 0.27 (0.02–0.60) | 0.00 (0.00–0.20) | 0.00 (0.00–0.02) | |
EMR B | 0.14 (0.00–0.52) | na | 0.51 (0.11–0.81) | 0.28 (0.03–0.61) | 0.00 (0.00–0.17) | 0.00 (0.00–0.02) | |
EMR D | 0.14 (0.00–0.52) | na | 0.51 (0.11–0.81) | 0.28 (0.02–0.61) | 0.00 (0.00–0.18) | 0.00 (0.00–0.02) | |
EUR A | 0.07 (0.00–0.46) | na | 0.54 (0.14–0.90) | 0.12 (0.00–0.52) | 0.01 (0.00–0.20) | 0.00 (0.00–0.55) | |
EUR B | 0.11 (0.00–0.50) | na | 0.44 (0.10–0.75) | 0.31 (0.04–0.60) | 0.02 (0.00–0.20) | 0.02 (0.00–0.21) | |
EUR C | 0.19 (0.00–0.51) | na | 0.43 (0.07–0.70) | 0.26 (0.02–0.53) | 0.01 (0.00–0.20) | 0.05 (0.00–0.22) | |
SEAR B | 0.36 (0.01–0.68) | na | 0.30 (0.01–0.65) | 0.26 (0.01–0.59) | 0.04 (0.00–0.21) | 0.01 (0.00–0.03) | |
SEAR D | 0.34 (0.01–0.69) | na | 0.25 (0.00–0.64) | 0.29 (0.01–0.65) | 0.04 (0.00–0.26) | 0.01 (0.00–0.06) | |
WPR A | 0.13 (0.00–0.50) | na | 0.66 (0.25–0.91) | 0.12 (0.00–0.42) | 0.00 (0.00–0.22) | 0.00 (0.00–0.19) | |
WPR B | 0.36 (0.01–0.70) | na | 0.28 (0.00–0.65) | 0.27 (0.01–0.60) | 0.04 (0.00–0.22) | 0.01 (0.00–0.03) |