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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2015 Sep 26;106(1):47–54. doi: 10.1002/bdra.23455

Table 1.

Characteristics of Biospecimen and Environmental Consent (BEC) Signatories

Participant Characteristics Pre-
pregnancy
(P1)

n = 292
No. (%)
First
Trimester
(T1)

n = 610
No. (%)
Third
Trimester
Initial (T3-
First)
n = 163
No. (%)
Father
n = 435
No. (%)
Age
 Under 26 81 (28) 147 (24) 58 (36) 68 (16)
 26 to 35 178 (61) 395 (65) 76 (47) 256 (59)
 36 and Over 33 (11) 68 (11) 29 (18) 111 (26)
Education1,2
 Less than high school N/A 152 (25) 65 (40) 129 (30)
 High school graduate
  or some college
N/A 184 (30) 50 (31) 128 (29)
 College graduate or more N/A 271 (44) 44 (27) 178 (41)
Marital Status2
 Married 174 (60) 474 (78) 100 (61) 366 (84)
 Unmarried 100 (34) 136 (22) 62 (38) 69 (16)
Survey Language2
 English 252 (86) 539 (88) 129 (79) 395 (91)
 Spanish 35 (12) 66 (11) 30 (18) 35 (8)
Race and Ethnicity2,3,4
 Hispanic 68 (23) 107 (18) 48 (29) 73 (17)
 Non-Hispanic White 112 (38) 416 (68) 86 (53) 297 (68)
 Non-Hispanic African American 24 (8) 31 (5) 13 (8) 21 (5)
 Asian 16 (5) 26 (4) * 16 (4)
 Other race/ multiple races 69 (24) 30 (5) * 28 (6)
Family Income1,2
 Less than $20,000 N/A 73 (12) 39 (24) N/A
 $20,000-$49,999 N/A 159 (26) 31 (19) N/A
 $50,000-$99,999 N/A 192 (31) 44 (27) N/A
 $100,000 or higher N/A 121 (20) 16 (10) N/A
1

If a characteristic was not surveyed at a particular visit, N/A is entered since that information was not collected.

2

Some responses to surveys on these topics were unknown or not ascertained; therefore, the sum of the number of responses will not equal the combined N of 1,839.

3

The number of collections made on American Indians/Alaska Natives and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders is included in the ‘Other race’ category because it was lower than the NCS disclosure risk threshold.

4

Values <10 are below an NCS defined disclosure risk threshold for protection of participant confidentiality and are represented by an asterix (*).