Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of In SHAPE Participants Overall and by BMI Groupa
| Characteristic | Overall | Overweight (BMI 25 to <30) |
Class I (BMI 30 to <35) |
Class II (BMI 35 to <40) |
Class III (BMI ≥40) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 192 | 34 | 53 | 48 | 57 | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (yr) | 44.0 (11.1) | 47.9 (11.6) | 43.5 (10.5) | 42.1 (11.9) | 44.1 (10.2) | 0.117 |
| Sex | 0.507 | |||||
| Male | 92 (47.9%) | 15 (44.1%) | 26 (49.1%) | 27 (56.3%) | 24 (42.1%) | |
| Female | 100 (52.1%) | 19 (55.9%) | 27 (50.9%) | 21 (43.8%) | 33 (57.9%) | |
| Race | 0.289 | |||||
| Black | 33 (17.2%) | 3 (8.8%) | 11 (20.8%) | 10 (20.8%) | 9 (15.8%) | |
| Hispanic | 17 (8.9%) | 3 (8.8%) | 2 (3.8%) | 6 (12.5%) | 6 (10.5%) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 131 (68.2%) | 26 (76.5%) | 34 (64.2%) | 32 (66.7%) | 39 (68.4%) | |
| Other | 14 (7.3%) | 2 (5.9%) | 6 (11.3%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (5.3%) | |
| Completed high school | 160 (83.3%) | 28 (82.4%) | 45 (84.9%) | 42 (87.5%) | 45 (78.9%) | 0.681 |
| Current smoker | 69 (36.1%) | 12 (35.3%) | 19 (35.8%) | 19 (39.6%) | 19 (33.9%) | 0.945 |
| Living situation | 0.190 | |||||
| Living independent | 132 (68.8%) | 24 (70.6%) | 39 (73.6%) | 27 (56.3%) | 42 (73.7%) | |
| Supervised/supported housing | 60 (31.3%) | 10 (29.4%) | 14 (26.4%) | 21 (43.8%) | 15 (26.3%) | |
| Married | 0.064 | |||||
| Never married | 125 (65.1%) | 20 (58.8%) | 40 (75.5%) | 35 (72.9%) | 30 (52.6%) | |
| Currently married | 13 (6.8%) | 2 (5.9%) | 1 (1.9%) | 2 (4.2%) | 8 (14.0%) | |
| Previously married | 54 (28.1%) | 12 (35.3%) | 12 (22.6%) | 11 (22.9%) | 19 (33.3%) | |
| Diagnosis | 0.394 | |||||
| Schizophrenia spectrum Disorder | 102 (53.1%) | 16 (47.1%) | 25 (47.2%) | 30 (62.5%) | 31 (54.4%) | |
| Mood disorder | 90 (46.9%) | 18 (52.9%) | 28 (52.8%) | 18 (37.5%) | 26 (45.6%) | |
| Obesity measures | ||||||
| BMI | 37.1 (8.0) | 27.8 (1.7) | 32.3 (1.6) | 37.3 (1.5) | 47.0 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Weight (lbs) | 235.2 (56.0) | 179.2 (28.1) | 206.5 (25.8) | 237.5 (27.8) | 293.4 (53.1) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (inches) | 47.0 (6.9) | 39.5 (4.6) | 43.9 (3.1) | 47.8 (3.8) | 53.8 (6.3) | <0.001 |
| Fitness | ||||||
| Fitness (6-MWT in feet)b | 1,388.3 (313.0) | 1,529.5 (283.5) | 1,485.5 (227.1) | 1,366.6 (273.4) | 1,233.3 (359.5) | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure and serum lipids | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126.4 (18.5) | 119.5 (16.7) | 124.2 (17.5) | 126.5 (19.5) | 132.6 (18.3) | 0.008 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81.9 (12.3) | 77.6 (10.0) | 80.9 (12.2) | 81.7 (11.5) | 85.5 (13.5) | 0.027 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 182.4 (44.7) | 177.1 (45.2) | 183.5 (44.8) | 184.9 (47.9) | 182.5 (42.4) | 0.901 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 109.6 (37.3) | 112.3 (40.7) | 104.7 (37.5) | 118.8 (39.3) | 106.1 (33.7) | 0.364 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 41.9 (15.6) | 41.9 (14.3) | 45.0 (20.3) | 36.1 (10.6) | 43.9 (13.6) | 0.033 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 178.0 (115.4) | 166.5 (110.2) | 173.7 (94.3) | 186.4 (139.6) | 181.7 (116.7) | 0.889 |
| Elevated risk of hypertensionc medications | 64 (33.9%) | 6 (18.2%) | 16 (30.2%) | 16 (34.0) | 26 (46.4%) | 0.048 |
| Number of psychotropic medications | 2.1 (1.1) | 2.0 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.1) | 2.3 (1.2) | 2.2 (1.0) | 0.635 |
| Weight gain propensity medications | 0.166 | |||||
| Highd | 68 (37.6%) | 9 (30.0%) | 25 (49.0%) | 17 (38.6%) | 17 (30.4%) | |
| Mediume | 71 (39.2%) | 16 (53.3%) | 12 (23.5%) | 16 (36.4%) | 27 (48.2%) | |
| Lowf | 31 (17.1%) | 2 (6.7%) | 11 (21.6%) | 8 (18.2%) | 10 (17.9%) | |
| None | 11 (6.1%) | 3 (10.0%) | 3 (5.9%) | 3 (6.8%) | 2 (3.6%) |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
Chi-square and ANOVAs to compare proportions and means across different obesity classes.
6-MWT refers to the 6-Minute Walk Test, which is a measure of fitness calculated as the number of feet that an individual can walk in 6 minutes.
Elevated risk of hypertension defined as systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg
High weight gain propensity medications include: olanzapine, clozapine
Medium weight gain propensity medications include: haloperidol, risperidone, quetiapine, thioridazine, chlorpromazine, paroxetine, amitriptyline, divalproex, valproate, doxepin, lithium, carbamazepine, imipramine, gabapentin
Low weight gain propensity medications include: ziprasidone, perphenazine, fluphenazine, fluoxetine, buproprion, venlafaxine, molindone, lamotrigine, duloxetine, aripiprazole, fluvoxamine, trazodone, desipramine, loxapine, sertraline, escitalopram, clomipramine, nortriptyline, citalopram, paliperidone, topiramate, mirtazapine, lurasidone