Table 1.
Characteristics of patients. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristic | All (n=4800) | Opt-in (n=1607) | Active choice (n=1628) | Opt-out (n=1565) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Male sex | 2887 (60.1) | 992 (61.7) | 991 (60.9) | 904 (57.8) | 0.057 |
| Median (interquartile range) age, years, | 42 (31-53) | 42 (30-53) | 42 (31-53) | 43 (31-53) | 0.411 |
| Race†: | |||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 59 (1.2) | 17 (1.1) | 15 (0.9) | 27 (1.7) | 0.032 |
| Asian | 451 (9.4) | 134 (8.3) | 159 (9.8) | 158 (10.1) | |
| Black | 1248 (26.0) | 432 (26.9) | 404 (24.8) | 412 (26.3) | |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 140 (2.9) | 46 (2.9) | 42 (2.6) | 52 (3.3) | |
| White | 2676 (55.8) | 914 (56.9) | 914 (56.1) | 848 (54.2) | |
| Unknown | 330 (6.9) | 91 (5.7) | 135 (8.3) | 104 (6.7) | |
| Latino ethnicity | 1163 (24.2) | 394 (24.5) | 370 (22.7) | 399 (25.5) | 0.179 |
| Education ≥high school | 2844 (59.3) | 941 (58.6) | 964 (59.2) | 939 (60.0) | 0.710 |
| Identifies as lesbian, gay, or bisexual | 589 (12.3) | 206 (12.8) | 188 (11.5) | 195 (12.5) | 0.524 |
| Chief complaint | |||||
| Abdominal /gastrointestinal | 979 (20.4) | 396 (24.6) | 338 (20.8) | 345 (22.0) | 0.043 |
| Cardiovascular | 544 (11.3) | 183 (11.4) | 167 (10.3) | 194 (12.4) | |
| Endocrine | 61 (1.3) | 21 (1.3) | 21 (1.3) | 19 (1.2) | |
| General | 288 (6.0) | 88 (5.5) | 98 (6.0) | 102 (6.5) | |
| Genitourinary/renal | 302 (6.3) | 106 (6.6) | 91 (5.6) | 105 (6.7) | |
| Musculoskeletal | 763 (15.9) | 282 (17.5) | 250 (15.4) | 231 (14.8) | |
| Stroke | 18 (0.4) | 5 (0.3) | 9 (0.6) | 4 (0.3) | |
| Neurological (non-stroke) | 296 (6.2) | 112 (7.0) | 99 (6.1) | 85 (5.4) | |
| Oral/dental | 69 (1.4) | 27 (1.7) | 19 (1.2) | 23 (1.5) | |
| Psychiatric | 52 (1.1) | 15 (0.9) | 17 (1.0) | 20 (1.3) | |
| Respiratory | 372 (7.8) | 120 (7.5) | 131 (8.0) | 121 (7.7) | |
| Skin | 386 (8.0) | 143 (8.9) | 141 (8.7) | 102 (6.5) | |
| Substance intoxication/withdrawal | 92 (1.9) | 25 (1.6) | 40 (2.5) | 27 (1.7) | |
| Trauma | 426 (8.9) | 143 (8.9) | 139 (8.5) | 140 (8.9) | |
| Other | 156 (3.3) | 41 (2.6) | 68 (4.2) | 47 (3.0) | |
| Risk of infection | |||||
| Low risk | 1943 (40.5) | 618 (38.5) | 689 (42.3) | 636 (40.6) | 0.387 |
| Medium risk | 2388 (49.8) | 830 (51.7) | 788 (48.4) | 770 (49.2) | |
| High risk | 469 (9.8) | 159 (9.9) | 151 (9.3) | 159 (10.2) | |
| HIV test history | |||||
| Ever tested | 3880 (80.8) | 1309 (81.5) | 1302 (80.0) | 1269 (81.1) | 0.538 |
| Tested in past 6 months | 910 (19.0) | 290 (18.0) | 311 (19.1) | 309 (19.7) | 0.467 |
| Unreported test history | 971 (20.2) | 341 (21.2) | 334 (20.5) | 296 (18.9) | 0.254 |
| Refused questionnaire | 940 (19.6) | 329 (20.5) | 321 (19.7) | 290 (18.5) | 0.336 |
*P values for age calculated from Wald test with James’ approximation; risk of infection tested using non-parametric test for trend across categories; all other P values from Pearson’s χ2 test for independence between samples for each of three treatment assignments.
†Participants could select more than one race.
‡Low risk=Denver HIV Risk Score <20; high risk=score ≥40.