Table 1.
Studies of common antibiotics used in BV treatment, published between 2010 and 2015.
| Antibiotic | Regimen | Treatment cure rate (n = population size) | Recurrence rate (n = population size) | Side effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clindamycin | 300 mg of oral clindamycin (2 × D for 1 W) | 84% (n = 150) | 6% (n = 150) | Preterm labor (4.7%); premature rupture of the membranes (3.3%) | Hantoushzadeh et al., 2012 |
| Metronidazole | 250 mg of oral metronidazole (2 × D for 1 W) | 97.1% (n = 70) | N/A | Metallic taste (34.3%); nausea (21.4%); dizziness (11.4%); vomiting (4.3%) | Abdali et al., 2015 |
| Metronidazole | 500 mg of oral metronidazole (2 × D for 1 W) | 48.3% (n = 60) | N/A | Heartburn (15%); metallic taste (11.7%); headache (6.7%); skin rash (1.7%); vomiting (1.7%); diarrhea (1.7%) | Mohammadzadeh et al., 2014 |
| Metronidazole | 750 mg of intravaginal metronidazole plus 200 mg of intravaginal miconazole (2 × W for 3 M) | 100% (n = 16) | 66.7% (n = 9) post-BV treatment | N/D | Aguin et al., 2014 |
| Metronidazole | 500 mg of oral metronidazole (2 × D for 1 W) and topical metronidazole cream (for 5 D) | N/A | >50% after 12 M post-BV treatment | N/A | Bodean et al., 2013 |
| Metronidazole | 0.8% metronidazole in situ gel (2 × D for 5 D) | 85% (n = 20) | N/A | N/A | Shaaban et al., 2011 |
| Metronidazole | 0.8% metronidazole gel (2 × D for 5 D) | 71.4% (n = 21) | N/A | N/A | Shaaban et al., 2011 |
| Metronidazole | 500 mg of oral metronidazole (2 × D for 1 W) | 82.4% (n = 136) | 33.3% (n = 102) after 1 M and 33.9% (n = 56) after 2 M post-BV treatment | Yeast infection (29.3%); nausea/vomiting (20.2%); headache (14.7%); bad taste (11%); diarrhea (3.7%); anorexia (0.8%) | Schwebke and Desmond, 2011 |
| Metronidazole | 1.3% metronidazole gel (1 × D for 1 D) | 30.2% (n = 43) | 52% (n = 25) of abnormal discharge and fishy odor post-BV treatment | Vulvovaginal candidiasis (12.3%); headache (4.6%); nasopharyngitis (3.1%); vulvovaginal pruritus (3.1%); nausea (1.5%) | Chavoustie et al., 2015 |
| Metronidazole | 1.3% metronidazole gel (1 × D for 3 D) | 25% (n = 48) | 58.6% (n = 29) of abnormal discharge and fishy odor post-BV treatment | Vulvovaginal candidiasis (13.3%); headache (8.3%); vulvovaginal pruritus (6.7%); nasopharyngitis (5%) | Chavoustie et al., 2015 |
| Metronidazole | 1.3% metronidazole gel (1 × D for 5 D) | 32.7% (n = 49) | 21.4% (n = 28) of abnormal discharge and fishy odor post-BV treatment | Headache (6.3%); nausea (6.3%); nasopharyngitis (1.6%) | Chavoustie et al., 2015 |
| Metronidazole | 0.75% metronidazole gel (1 × D for 5 D) | 20.4% (n = 49) | 50% (n = 26) of abnormal discharge and fishy odor post-BV treatment | Vulvovaginal candidiasis (13.8%); headache (13.8%); nasopharyngitis (1.5%); vulvovaginal pruritus (1.5%) | Chavoustie et al., 2015 |
| Metronidazole | 1.3% metronidazole gel (1 × D for 1 D) | 37.2% (n = 250) | N/A | Vulvovaginal infections (5.6%); headache (2.2%); nausea (1.6%); vulvovaginal pruritus (1.6%); diarrhea (1.2%); dysmenorrhea (1.2%) | Schwebke et al., 2015 |
| Metronidazole | 500 mg of intravaginal metronidazole (1 × D for 1 W) | 83.3% (n = 30) | 20% (n = 25) after 1 M post-BV treatment | N/A | Ling et al., 2013 |
| Metronidazole | 2 g of oral metronidazole in (1 × D for 1 D) | 88.4% (n = 86) | N/A | N/A | Thulkar et al., 2012 |
| Metronidazole | 0.75% metronidazole gel (2 × D for 5 D) | 71.3% (n = 108) | N/A | Adverse events in 15.6% of patients | Zeng et al., 2010 |
| Ornidazole | 1.5 g of oral ornidazole in (1 × D for 1 D) | 100% (n = 86) | N/A | N/A | Thulkar et al., 2012 |
| Rifaximin | 100 mg of vaginal rifaximin (for 5 D) | 25.9% (n = 27) | N/A | Vulvovaginal candidiasis (7.4%); vulvovaginal pruritus (3.7%); vaginal inflammation (3.7%) | Donders et al., 2013 |
| Rifaximin | 25 mg of vaginal rifaximin (for 5 D) | 48% (n = 25) | N/A | Vulvovaginal candidiasis (16%); diarrhea (8%); gastrointestinal symptoms and headache (4%); vulvovaginal discomfort (4%) | Donders et al., 2013 |
| Rifaximin | 100 mg of vaginal rifaximin (for 2 D) | 36% (n = 25) | N/A | Vulvovaginal candidiasis (8%) | Donders et al., 2013 |
| Secnidazole | 2 g of oral secnidazole in (1 × D for 1 D) | 90.7% (n = 86) | N/A | N/A | Thulkar et al., 2012 |
| Secnidazole | 2 g of oral secnidazole (1 × D for 1 D) | 62.4 % (n = 290) | N/A | Headache (9%) | Bohbot et al., 2010 |
| Tinidazole | 500 mg of oral tinidazole (2 × D for 1 W) | 75.3% (n = 146) | 30.2% (n = 96) after 1 M and 40% (n = 55) after 2 M post-BV treatment | Yeast infection (25%); nausea/vomiting (19.7%); headache (16.7%); bad taste (15.2%); diarrhea (0.8%); anorexia (5.3%) | Schwebke and Desmond, 2011 |
| Tinidazole | 1 g of oral tinidazole (2 × D for 1 W) | 73% (n = 137) | 22.5% (n = 89) after 1M and 20.3% (n = 59) after 2M post-BV treatment | Bad taste (41.8%); nausea/vomiting (30.9%); headache (24.5%); yeast infection (24.5%); diarrhea (5.5%); anorexia (4.5%) | Schwebke and Desmond, 2011 |
| Tinidazole | 2 g of oral tinidazole in (1 × D for 1 D) | 100% (n = 86) | N/A | N/A | Thulkar et al., 2012 |
(D), Daily or day; (W), Weekly or Weeks; (M), Monthly or Months; (N/A)–in that study, this was not quantified; (N/D)–in that study, adverse effects were non-detected.