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. 2016 Jan 20;6:1224. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01224

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Copyright © 2016 Neumann.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Expression pattern of hormone-related genes during cluster root (CR) development in Lupinus albus grown for 20 days without P_i supply and evaluated by quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR). Genes are involved in auxin biosynthesis (YUCCA), auxin transport (AUX1, PIN1), cytokinin degradation (CKX), cytokinin receptors (CRE), ethylene biosynthesis (ACC_oxidase), brassinosteroid biosynthesis (BR), and RNA degradation associated with nitric oxide formation (XDH). The gene expression level is indicated relative to reference genes. Data represent means ± SE (n = 2–3). Different lowercase letters denote significant differences (P < 0.05). PE, pre-emergent stage; JU, juvenile root clusters; MA, mature root clusters (modified after Wang et al., 2014b). The photo shows the different developmental stages of CRs used for RNA isolation: PE, pre-emergent stage; JU, juvenile cluster; MA, mature cluster.