Corticoclaustral axons form monosynaptic connections onto PV claustral neurons. A, Experimental configuration. B, An example recording showing short-latency postsynaptic responses recorded in a PV neuron following optogenetic stimulation of corticoclaustral axons. C, An example recording showing that these short-latency responses are eliminated with bath application of TTX. This recording is from a different neuron than the one shown in B. D, Summary data showing that bath application of TTX eliminated the responses in claustral PV neurons following optogenetic activation of cortical input (n = 11, p = 0.00098, sign test). E, An example recording showing that bath application of the potassium channel blocker 4-AP, in addition to TTX, reveals direct monosynaptic corticoclaustral input onto a PV neuron. This recording is from the same neuron shown in C. F, Summary data showing the monosynaptic responses to cortical input in PV neurons following bath application of 4-AP in combination with TTX (n = 6 cells).