Table 4.
Neurobehavioral evaluation of HA oligosaccharide- and vehicle-treated pups with IVH and controls without IVH at postnatal day 14
| System | Test | No IVH (n = 12) | IVH vehicle (n = 12) | IVH, HA10 (n = 10) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cranial nerve | Aversive response to alcohol | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (3, 3) |
| Sucking and swallowing | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (3, 3) | |
| Motor | Motor activity | |||
| Head | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (3, 3) | |
| Fore legs | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (3, 3) | |
| Hind legs | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (2.25, 3)# | 3 (3, 3)* | |
| Righting reflexa | 5 (5, 5) | 4 (3, 5)# | 5 (4.5, 5) | |
| Locomotion on 30° inclinationb | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (2, 3) | 3 (3, 3) | |
| Tonec: Forelimb | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | |
| Tonec: Hindlimb | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | |
| Inability to hold their position at 60° inclination for 15 s or less (latency to slip down the slope, if <15 s) | 0% | 33% | 10% | |
| Inability to walk more than 60 inches in 1 min (%) | 0% | 33% | 10% | |
| Gaitd | 4 (4, 4) | 3 (3, 4)# | 4 (4, 4)* | |
| Motor impairmente | 0% | 25% | 10% | |
| Sensory | Facial touch | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (3, 3) |
| Pain | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (3, 3) | 3 (3, 3) |
Values are the median and interquartile range.
a The score (range, 1–5) is the number of times the animal turned prone within 2 s when placed in a supine position out of five tries.
b The scoring (range, 0–3) is as follows: 0, does not walk; 1, takes a few steps (less than 8 inches); 2, walks for 9–18 inches; 3, walks very well beyond 18 inches.
c The scoring (range, 1–3) is as follows: 0, no increase in tone; 1, slight increase in tone; 2, considerable increase in tone; 3, limb rigid in flexion or extension.
d Gait was graded as 0 (no locomotion), 1 (crawls with trunk touching the ground for few steps and then rolls over), 2 (walks taking alternate steps, trunk low and cannot walk on inclined surface), 3 (walks taking alternate steps, cannot propel its body using synchronously the hind legs, but walks on 30° inclined surface), 4 (walks, runs, and jumps without restriction and propels the body using synchronously the back legs, but limitation in speed, balance, and coordination, manifesting as clumsiness in gait), or 5 (normal walking).
e Motor impairment was defined as weakness in either fore or hind legs and a distance walked of less than 60 inches in 60 s.
*p < 0.05 (vehicle-treated vs HA10-treated pups with IVH).
#p < 0.05 (no IVH vs vehicle-treated pups with IVH).