Effect of TLR agonists on TLR3 and TLR4 and adaptor molecule expression. Cells were treated with media only (control), TNF-α, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] for 6 or 24 h. A: TNF-α and poly(I:C) increased TLR3 mRNA expression after 6 h. B: no differences were observed in TLR4 mRNA expression after 6 h when cells were exposed to either TNF-α or poly(I:C). C: TNF-α and poly(I:C) increased TLR3 and TLR4 protein expression after 24 h. D: there was a notable increase in myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) TLR adaptor molecule mRNA expression with cells exposed to TNF-α and poly(I:C) treatments, but no changes in myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2), TIR domain containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), or CD14. Values are means ± SE; n = 3–6 samples. *Significant difference from control, P < 0.05.