Effects of poly(I:C) on CCL5 and IL-8 expression and secretion. Fetal ASM were treated with media only (control), TNF-α, LPS, or poly(I:C) for 6 or 24 h. TNF-α and poly(I:C), but not LPS, increased CCL5 (A) and IL-8 mRNA (B) expression. C: TNF-α and poly(I:C), but not LPS, increased CCL5 secretion. D: TNF-α, poly(I:C), and LPS all significantly increased IL-8 secretion. Values are means ± SE; n = 3–5 samples. *Significant difference from control, P < 0.05.