Fig. 6.

Proliferative effects of TCA and DCA converge on Src kinase. Proliferation was assessed by counting after crystal violet staining and confirmed by EdU incorporation. A: cells were treated with TCA, the FXR agonist GW4064 (GW, 10 μM), and the FXR antagonist Z-guggulsterone (GUG, 10 μM) alone or in combination. B: Western blots on cell lysates were exposed to GW4064 for Src (Tyr⁴¹⁶) phosphorylation. C–E: cells were treated with TCA and DCA, alone or in combination, and assessed for proliferation, phosphorylation of Src (Tyr⁴¹⁶), and phosphorylation of Src (Tyr⁵²⁷). Values are means ± SE; n ≥ 4 for each (A), n = 5 (B), and n ≥ 3 (C–E). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.