Table 2.
Some proteins that show multiple localizations.
| Localization | Organism/cell type | Protein | FP | Key features | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dual | Chl ER |
C. reinhardtii | RB60 | G | Protein disulfide isomerase; part of redox regulatory protein complex involved in translation in chloroplasts; exists as soluble form in stroma or tightly bound to thylakoid membrane; also retained in the ER | Levitan et al., 2005 |
| Chl ER |
N. benthamiana | BnCLIP1 | G | Lipase; MCS between plastids and ER. Putative plastid inner membrane of envelope localized | Tan et al., 2011 | |
| Chl P |
A. thaliana | DRP5B (ARC5) | G | Chloroplast and peroxisome fission; cytosolic, recruited to a discontinuous ring around membrane fission sites | Zhang and Hu, 2010 | |
| Chl Cyt |
P. patens | FtsZ | G | Part of division ring; cytosolic assembles into a ring in chloroplasts | Kiessling et al., 2004 | |
| Chl M |
A. thaliana | AtDEF1 | G | Peptide deformylase; catalyzes N-formyl group removal from methionine residues of nascent polypeptides; AtDEF1.2 and AtDEF2 found in stroma and thylakoid; AtDEF1.1 localizes to mitochondria | Dinkins et al., 2003 | |
| Chl M |
A. thaliana | MST1 | G | Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase | Nakamura et al., 2000 | |
| Chl M |
N. tabacum | AtHRS1 | G | Histidyl-tRNA synthetase | Akashi et al., 1998 | |
| Chl M |
O. sativa | Virescent2 (V2) | G | Plastid and mitochondrial guanylate kinase (pt/mtGK) | Sugimoto et al., 2007 | |
| Chl M |
Z. mays | ZmSig2B | G | Nucleus-encoded sigma factor; accumulates in chloroplasts and mitochondria | Beardslee et al., 2002 | |
| Pl M |
G. max | glutathione reductase | G | Component of ascorbate-glutathione cycle | Chew et al., 2003 | |
| Pl M |
Z. mays | Myosin XI | Ab* | Myosin motor protein | Wang and Pesacreta, 2004 | |
| Pl | Oryza spp. | OsNIN1 (M) | G | Alkaline/neutral invertase; transported into both mitochondria and plastids | Murayama and Handa, 2007 | |
| M | OsNIN3 (Pl) | G | ||||
| Pl | A. thaliana | AtGLR3.4 | Y | Glutamate receptor | Teardo et al., 2011 | |
| Pm | N. tabacum | |||||
| Pl Vac |
A. thaliana | ATG8 | G | ATG-dependent autophagy; co-localizes with stroma-targeted DsRed in RCBs in vacuoles | Ishida et al., 2008 | |
| Triple | Chl Cyt M |
A. thaliaa | tRNA nucleotidyl transferase | G | Adds 3'-terminal cytidine–cytidine–adenosine to tRNAs | von Braun et al., 2007 |
| Chl/Pl | A. thaliana | FIS1A | Y | Tail anchored membrane protein; implicated in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission | YFP: Ruberti et al., 2014 | |
| P | E | mEosFP: Jaipargas, 2015 | ||||
| M | ||||||
| Chl/Pl ER- Go |
A. cea | Amyl-1 | G | α-amylase isoform; localized in amyloplasts degrades starch | Kitajima et al., 2009 | |
Chl, chloroplasts; Pl, plastids; Pm, plasma membrane; P, peroxisomes; M, mitochondria; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; N, nucleus; Go, Golgi bodies; Vac, vacuole; Ly, Lysosomes; E, mEosFP; G, GFP; Y, YFP; *Ab, antibodies were used, not FP.