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. 2016 Jan 20;9:1. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00001

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

Myo9a haploinsufficiency impaired spatial learning and memory. (A) Spatial object recognition test. During the familiarization trial (T1), WT and Myo9a+/- mice showed similar exploratory phenotypes. During the recognition trial (T2), WT mice preferentially explored the spatially displaced object over the one that remained stationary, whereas Myo9a+/- mice used the same amount of time to explore the two (left). A two-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the genotype [F(1.72) = 4.05, ∗p = 0.04] but not in the location object factor [F(3.72) = 2.29] and interaction genotype × location object [F(3.72) = 1.83]. As a result, the discrimination index [(N–F)/(N+F)] was significantly reduced in Myo9a+/- mice when compared to WT mice (right). (B) T-maze test. WT mice performed better during the acquisition phase when compared to Myo9a+/- mice, which required more days to reach the criterion (80% of the correct choices for three days). Conversely, no significant difference was detected in the reversal phase. (C) Morris water maze test. Myo9a+/- mice showed an increased latency to find the platform during the acquisition phase (top left). The Area Under the Curve (AUC) relative to the acquisition phase is shown (bottom left). During the probe test (when the platform was removed on the 5th day), WT mice spent significantly more time in the target zone (north quadrant, N), while Myo9a+/- mice spent the same amount of time in each quadrant (top right). Furthermore, Myo9a+/- mice crossed the north quadrant more times compared to WT littermates (bottom right).