FIG 3.
S1P stimulates expression of NF-κB-regulated cytokines and chemokines and protects FLNA-deficient M2 melanoma cells from serum-withdrawal-induced apoptosis. M2 and A7 cells were serum starved overnight and then treated for 24 h without or with S1P (100 nM) or 10% serum, as indicated. (A) IL-6, TNF, CCL2, and CCL5 mRNA levels were quantified by QPCR and normalized to GAPDH levels. (B) Apoptosis was analyzed by using the Cell Death Detection ELISAPlus kit. Data are means ± SD. *, P < 0.001, compared to untreated cells. Similar results were obtained in three independent experiments.