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. 2016 Jan 15;30(2):220–232. doi: 10.1101/gad.270439.115

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© 2016 Akkari et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see http://genesdev.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Figure 5. — Deletion of CtsZ in CtsB^−/−S^−/− RT2 animals reduces macrophage infiltration and tumor invasion. (A) Graph depicting the cumulative tumor burden, represented as the sum of the volumes of all tumors per mouse, in wild-type RT2 and CtsB^−/−S^−/−Z^−/− RT2 animals at the 13.5-wk endpoint. Numbers of mice per group were as follows: wild-type RT2, n = 57; CtsB^−/−S^−/−Z^−/− RT2, n = 14. (B) Graph depicting the average number of tumors per mouse in wild-type RT2 and CtsB^−/−S^−/−Z^−/− RT2 animals at 13.5 wk. The following numbers of animals were analyzed per group: wild-type RT2, n = 58; CtsB^−/−S^−/−Z^−/− RT2, n = 18. (C) Graph showing the proportions of encapsulated, microinvasive, and invasive carcinomas in CtsB^−/−S^−/− RT2 and CtsB^−/−S^−/−Z^−/− RT2 mice at 13.5 wk. The following number of mice were analyzed: CtsB^−/−S^−/− RT2, 14 mice, 68 tumors; CtsB^−/−S^−/−Z^−/− RT2, 13 mice, 32 tumors. (D) Quantitation of cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) staining in wild-type RT2 and CtsB^−/−S^−/−Z^−/− RT2 tumors relative to the total number of DAPI⁺ cells revealed a significant 3.6-fold increase in apoptosis in tumors deficient for CtsB, CtsS, and CtsZ. Tumors from 11 wild-type RT2 and seven CtsB^−/−S^−/−Z^−/− RT2 mice were analyzed. (E) Quantitation of Ki67 staining in wild-type RT2 (n = 5) and CtsB^−/−S^−/−Z^−/− RT2 (n = 7) tumors relative to the total number of DAPI⁺ cells. This revealed a 53% decrease in cell proliferation in tumors simultaneously deficient for CtsB, CtsS, and CtsZ. (F) Quantification of CD31⁺ endothelial cells in wild-type RT2 (n = 4) and CtsB^−/−S^−/−Z^−/− RT2 (n = 10) tumors relative to the total number of DAPI⁺ cells, as determined by immunostaining of tissue sections. This analysis revealed a significant decrease in tumor vascularization in CtsB^−/−S^−/−Z^−/− RT2 mice. (G) Quantification of Iba⁺ macrophages in wild-type RT2 (n = 108), CtsB^−/−S^−/− RT2 (n = 28), and CtsB^−/−S^−/−Z^−/− RT2 (n = 14) tumors relative to the total number of DAPI⁺ cells. This analysis revealed that the increase in TAM numbers observed in CtsB^−/−S^−/− RT2 tumors is reversed when CtsZ is deleted in these tumors.