Table 2.
Relative prevalence of selected laboratory abnormalities* in men with and without osteoporosis, PR (95% CI)
| Diagnosis | Osteoporosis, % (n) | No Osteoporosis, % (n) | PR (95% CI) | NNTB (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Definitions of Laboratory Abnormalities | ||||
| Cohort with random baseline serum and spot urine (n=1572) | ||||
| 25(OH) Vitamin D deficiency, <20 ng/mL | 30.7 (50) | 24.7 (348) | 1.24 (0.97–1.59) | 16.7 (NNTB 7.5 to ∞ to NNTH 68.0) |
| Kidney disease, eGFRcr <60 ml/min/1.73m2 or urine ACR>30 mg/g | 17.1 (25) | 17.9 (239) | 0.96 (0.66–1.39) | −125.0 (NNTB 17.6 to ∞ to NNTH 13.8) |
| Hyperthyroidism, TSH <0.55 mIU/L | 2.5 (4) | 2.8 (39) | 0.89 (0.32–2.46) | −333.3 (NNTB 44.7 to ∞ to NNTH 35.2) |
| Low testosterone, <200 ng/dl | 7.6 (12) | 6.2 (87) | 1.22 (0.68–2.18) | 71.4 (NNTB 17.6 to ∞ to NNTH 33.8) |
| Hyperparathyroidism, PTH >66 pg/mL | 6.2 (10) | 3.4 (48) | 1.81 (0.93–3.50) | 35.7 (NNTB 15.2 to ∞ to NNTH 93.7) |
| Hypercalcemia, Ca >10.4 mg/dL | 1.4 (2) | 0.6 (8) | 2.29 (0.49–10.7) | 125.0 (NNTB 37.0 to ∞ to NNTH 86.2) |
| Hyperphosphatemia, PO4 >4.7 mg/dL | 0 (0) | 0.1 (1) | NC | NC |
| High alkaline phosphatase, >129 IU/L | 6.9 (10) | 2.3 (30) | 3.05 (1.52–6.11) | 21.7 (11.4 to 233.4) |
| Hypercalciuria, spot urine calcium/creatinine ratio ≥0.3 | 1.2 (2) | 0.8 (11) | 1.57 (0.35–7.01) | 250.0 (NNTB 45.3 to ∞ to NNTH 76.0) |
| At least 1 of above laboratory abnormalities† | 58.3 (81) | 56.5 (740) | 1.03 (0.89–1.20) | 55.6 (NNTB 9.6 to ∞ to NNTH 14.7) |
| Cohort with 24-hour urine (n=337) | ||||
| Hypercortisolism, UFC >100 mg/24 hr | 2.9 (1) | 1.3 (4) | 2.16 (0.25–18.8) | 66.7 (NNTB 13.9 to ∞ to NNTH 24.2) |
| Hypercalciuria, >300 mg calcium/24 hr | 0 (0) | 0.3 (1) | NC | NC |
| Alternative Definitions of Laboratory Abnormalities | ||||
| Cohort with random baseline serum and spot urine (n=1572) | ||||
| 25(OH) Vitamin D deficiency, <30 ng/mL | 84.1 (137) | 74.1 (1043) | 1.13 (1.05–1.22) | 10.0 (6.2–25.6) |
| Low testosterone, <300 ng/dl | 25.3 (40) | 26.3 (367) | 0.96 (0.73–1.28) | −100.0 (NNTB 16.2 to ∞ to NNTH 12.3) |
| Hypercalciuria, spot urine calcium/creatinine ratio ≥0.2 | 5.6 (9) | 3.6 (50) | 1.55 (0.78–3.10) | 50.0 (NNTB 17.7 to ∞ to NNTH 59.4) |
| Cohort with 24-hour urine (n=337) | ||||
| Hypercortisolism, UFC >50 mg/24 hr | 5.7 (2) | 7.3 (22) | 0.78 (0.19–3.20) | −62.5 (NNTB 15.0 to ∞ to NNTH 10.2) |
PR = prevalence ratio; NNTB = number needed to test (benefit); NNTH = number needed to treat (harm); PTH = parathyroid hormone; TSH = thyroid stimulating hormone; eGFRcr = estimated creatinine-derived glomerular filtration rate; ACR = urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; UFC = urine free cortisol; NC = not calculable.
There were 122 participants with missing laboratory data for at least 1 measure, including the following number with missing data for specific laboratory tests: eGFRcr 91, serum calcium 91, serum phosphorus 91, serum alkaline phosphatase 91, testosterone 18, spot urine calcium 13, PTH 4, TSH 2, 25-OH vitamin D 1, 24-hour UFC 9, 24-hour urine calcium 21.
Defined by presence of any of the following: 25(OH) Vitamin D <20 ng/ml, kidney disease (eGFRcr <60 or ACR ≥30), TSH<0.55 mIU/L, total testosterone <200 ng/dl, PTH >66 pg/mL, serum calcium >10.4 mg/dL, serum phosphorus >4.7 mg/dL, serum alkaline phosphatase >129 IU/L, or spot urine calcium/creatinine ratio ≥0.3.