TABLE 1.
Genotypes and replication of H4 avian influenza viruses in mice
| Virus | Group of each gene segment in the phylogenetic tree |
Genotypea | Replication of H4 AIVs in miceb (log10 EID50/ml) |
Maximum body wt lossc (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HA | NA | PB2 | PB1 | PA | NP | M | NS | Nasal turbinate | Lung | |||
| DK/Jiangxi/S3261/09 (H4N2) | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 4 | A1 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | −1.9 |
| DK/Guangdong/S1469/10 (H4N2) | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | A2 | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | −3.0 |
| DK/Guangdong/S4040/11 (H4N2) | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 2 | 3 | A3 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 0.0 |
| DK/Hunan/S2046/11 (H4N2) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 4 | 4 | A4 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | −4.8 |
| DK/Sichuan/S4202/11 (H4N2) | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 1 | 1 | A5 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | −4.0 |
| DK/Guangdong/S1123/12 (H4N2) | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | A6 | ND | ND | ND |
| GS/Guangdong/S1780/12 (H4N2) | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | A6 | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | −7.3 |
| DK/Hubei/S2213/12 (H4N2) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 4 | A7 | 5.0 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.1 | −6.4 |
| CK/Hubei/S2227/12 (H4N2) | 1 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 11 | 3 | 2 | A8 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 5.0 ± 0.4 | −4.5 |
| DK/Jiangxi/S21046/12 (H4N2) | 1 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 4 | A9 | 3.2 ± 0.3 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | −4.0 |
| DK/Jiangxi/S21055/12 (H4N2) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 4 | A10 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | −4.5 |
| CK/Shandong/S2510/12 (H4N2) | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4 | A11 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | −6.0 |
| DK/Fujian/S1487/09 (H4N3) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 4 | B1 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 0.0 |
| DK/Anhui/S4155/09 (H4N6) | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | C1 | < | 2.1 ± 0.4 | −1.2 |
| DK/Hunan/S1012/09 (H4N6) | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 4 | C2 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 4.0 ± 0.7 | −1.5 |
| DK/Henan/S4179/09 (H4N6) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 4 | C3 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 0.0 |
| CK/Hunan/S1248/10 (H4N6) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | C4 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | −6.0 |
| CK/Hunan/S1267/10 (H4N6) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | C4 | ND | ND | ND |
| DK/Guangxi/S1211/10 (H4N6) | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | C5 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.7 | −3.0 |
| DK/Guangxi/S1107/10 (H4N6) | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | C5 | ND | ND | ND |
| DK/Guizhou/S1167/10 (H4N6) | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 1 | C6 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 0.0 |
| DK/Henan/S1091/10 (H4N6) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 4 | C7 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | −4.0 |
| DK/Hunan/S1166/10 (H4N6) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 1 | C8 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | −13 |
| GS/Jiangsu/S2433/11 (H4N6) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 4 | C9 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 5.3 ± 0.2 | −6.4 |
| DK/Jiangsu/S2447/11 (H4N6) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 4 | C9 | ND | ND | ND |
| DK/Zhejiang/S2088/11 (H4N6) | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 4 | C10 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 6.0 ± 0.3 | −7.7 |
| DK/Guangxi/S4312/11 (H4N6) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | C11 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | −8.5 |
| DK/Anhui/S2193/12 (H4N6) | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 4 | C12 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 0.0 |
| DK/Fujian/S2169/12 (H4N6) | 1 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 4 | C13 | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | −1.0 |
| DK/Guangxi/S2090/12 (H4N6) | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 4 | C14 | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 0.0 |
| DK/Jiangxi/S2443/12 (H4N6) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 4 | C15 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 0.0 |
| DK/Zhejiang/S2235/12 (H4N6) | 1 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 4 | C16 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.7 | 0.0 |
| CK/Guangdong/S1010/10 (H4N8) | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 4 | D1 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | −6.7 |
| GS/Hunan/S2466/11 (H4N8) | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 4 | D2 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 5.0 ± 0.5 | −2.0 |
| DK/Chongqing/S2086/12 (H4N8) | 1 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | D3 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 6.0 ± 0.5 | −4.0 |
| DK/Hubei/S2114/12 (H4N8) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 4 | D4 | < | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 0.0 |
Genotypes were defined on the basis of the gene phylogenies of the eight viral genes shown in Fig. 1 and 2 (also see Fig. S1 in the supplemental material).
Six-week-old BALB/c mice were inoculated i.n. with 106.0 EID50 of each virus in a 50-μl volume. Three mice from each group were euthanized on day 3 p.i., and virus titers were determined in samples of brain, spleen, kidney, nasal turbinate, and lung in eggs. Because virus was not detected in the brain, spleen, or kidneys of any infected mice, only the virus titers in the nasal turbinates and lungs are shown. ND, not done; <, virus was not detected from the undiluted sample.
The maximum body weight loss was calculated by comparing the lowest body weight during the 14-day observation period to the initial body weight of the infected mice. A value of 0.0 indicates that the infected mice did not show body weight loss during the observation period. ND, not done.