FIG 4.

HLA-associated polymorphism frequencies in HLA⁺ and HLA⁻ individuals, by era. (A) Frequencies of select nonconsensus HLA-associated polymorphisms (conservative definition [see Materials and Methods and Table 1]) among individuals expressing the relevant HLA allele (HLA⁺) in the historic versus modern cohorts. Polymorphisms of particular interest are colored. (B) Frequencies of the same conservatively defined HLA-associated polymorphisms in individuals lacking the relevant HLA allele (HLA⁻) by era. (C) Frequencies of 120 comprehensively defined nonconsensus HLA-associated polymorphisms (q < 0.05 [8]) in individuals lacking the restricting HLA allele (HLA⁻) between historic and modern eras. Polymorphisms of particular interest are colored. P values were determined using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. Individuals with known/suspected early infection were excluded from the analyses.