FIG 3.

Trehalose increases the basal levels of autophagy and maintains autophagic flux in infected HFFs. Synchronized HFFs were infected with TB40E at an MOI of 3 (or mock infected) upon seeding in the absence or presence of trehalose (50 mM or 100 mM). At the indicated time points, cells were pulsed with bafilomycin A1 (or with DMSO as a control) for 2 h prior to harvest. Cell extracts were analyzed by Western blotting using antibodies against LC3B. An antibody against α-tubulin was used to control for loading. Repeated samples on each gel were used to calibrate blotting and exposures between the different gels. This experiment was repeated at least twice.