FIG 6.

Trehalose increases the basal levels of autophagy and maintains autophagic flux in infected aortic endothelial cells. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were infected with TB40E at an MOI of 3 (or mock infected) 1 day after seeding in the absence or presence of 50 or 100 mM trehalose. (A) At the indicated time points, cell extracts were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting using antibodies against LC3B. Short and long exposures are shown. (B) At the indicated time points, cells were pulsed with bafilomycin A1 (or with DMSO as a control) for 2 h prior to harvest. Cell extracts were analyzed by Western blotting using antibodies against LC3B. An antibody against α-tubulin was used to control for loading. Repeated samples on each gel were used to calibrate blotting and exposures between the different gels. Each experiment was repeated at least twice.