Table 3. Urine biomarkers, smokers versus never smokers, intent-to-treat sample, week 0.

		Smokers (n = 125)		Never smokers (n = 29)
Constituent/marker	Units per 24 h	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Nicotine
NIC-U	mg	2.88	1.94	0.04	0.03
COT-U		3.22	1.72	0.001	0.01
OHCOT-U		9.63	4.79	0.007	0.02
NIC-G b		1.32	0.98	0.06	0.04
COT-G b		4.81	2.76	0.03	0.01
OHCOT-G b		3.69	2.36	0.002	0.01
CNO		0.86	0.39	0.0004	0.002
NNO		0.97	0.62	0.003	0.008
NCOT		0.11	0.05	0	0
NNIC		0.14	0.07	0.02	0.01
NICEq		24.7	10.3	0.17	0.06
NNK
NNAL total	ng	683 a	434	43.5	47.7
NNAL-G b		488 a	335	35.5	46.7
NNAL free		196 a	127	8.17	3.59
Aromatic amines
3-ABP	ng	12.5	7.53	0.59	0.90
4-ABP		27.1	14.0	2.53	2.07
2-AN		38.5	20.6	1.19	1.62
o-T		276	115	101	119
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
1-naphthol	μg	56.2	139	18.8	29.3
2-naphthol		29.7	15.4	5.87	3.74
2-OHF		3.74 a	1.92	0.57	0.37
1-/9-OHPh		1.01	0.51	0.25	0.14
2-/3-OHPh		0.79	0.41	0.23	0.09
1-OHP		0.48	0.28	0.21	0.15
Acrylamide
AAMA	μg	349	145	132	73.4
GAMA		49.9	21.4	33.9	18.8
1,3-Butadiene
DHBMA	μg	770	275	549	171
MHBMA		6.27	5.85	0.45	0.32
Crotonaldehyde
HMPMA	mg	8.65	3.89	1.47	0.69
Acrolein
HPMA	mg	2.10	1.11	0.50	0.24
Benzene
SPMA	μg	11.9	8.34	0.83	2.06
Urine mutagenicty
UM (TA98)	revertants	1.82 × 107 c	1.09 × 107	4.83 × 105 e	6.05 × 105
UM (YG1024)	revertants	8.09 × 107 d	4.70 × 107	4.17 × 106 f	4.21 × 106

p<0.05 for all; see Table 1 for abbreviations. Values are rounded.

^a n = 124.

^bmass is representative of aglycon moiety.

^c n = 120.

^d n = 121.

^e n = 27.

^f n = 28.