Table 2.
Register-based studies.
| Authors, year, country | Physical factor (data source) | Follow-up | Samplea N and % women Outcome and n |
Strength of association |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahn et al., 2010 Korea |
Cancer (Korea Central Cancer Registry) | 1993–2005 | Patients aged 80+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 32,044b Suicide n = 67 |
Cancer: SMR = 1.46 (CIc 1.15–1.85) |
| Allebeck et al., 1989 Sweden |
Cancer (Swedish Cancer-Environment Register) | 1961–1979 | Cancer patients aged 70+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 424,127d,b Suicide n = 398 |
Cancer: Men: 70–79: SMR = 1.9 (CI 1.7–2.2); 80+: SMR = 1.7 (CI 1.4–2.0); Women: 70–79: SMR = 2.0 (CI 1.6–2.5); 80+: SMR = 1.5 (CI 0.9–2.3) |
| Allebeck & Bolund, 1991 Sweden |
Cancer (Stockholm County In-patient Care Register) | 1975–1985 | Cancer patients 70+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 59,845d,b Suicide attempt n = 58 |
Cancer: Men: 70–79: SMR = 1.0 (CI 0.6–1.6); 80–89: SMR = 2.7 (CI 1.6–4.5); Women: 70–79: SMR = 1.5 (CI 0.9–2.4); 80–89: SMR = 1.3 (CI 0.6–2.6) |
| Allebeck & Bolund, 1991 Sweden |
Cancer (Stockholm County In-patient Care Register) | 1975–1985 | Cancer patients 70+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 59,845d,b Suicide n = 70 |
Cancer: Men: 70–79: SMR = 2.5 (CI 1.7–3.6); 80–89: SMR = 2.6 (CI 1.5–4.3); Women: 70–79: SMR = 4.5 (CI 2.8–6.7); 80–89: SMR = 1.3 (CI 0.3–3.8) |
| Björkenstam, Edberg, Ayoubi, & Rosen, 2005 Sweden |
Cancer (Malignant) (Swedish Cancer Registry) | 1965–1999 | Cancer patients 75+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 1,031,919d,b Suicide n = 2112d |
Cancer (Malignant): Findings for 1965–1979: Men: 75–89: Re = 2.4 (CI 2.0–2.9); 90+: R = 2.0 (CI 0.4–5.9); Women: 75–89: R = 2.4 (CI 1.5–3.5); 90+: –; Findings for 1975–1989: Men: 75-89: R = 2.1 (CI 1.8–2.5); 90+: R = 1.7 (CI 0.5–3.9); Women: 75-89: R = 2.4 (CI 1.8–3.1); 90+: R = 4.3 (CI 1.2–10.9); Findings for 1985–1999: Men: 75–89: R = 2.3 (CI 2.0–2.6); 90+: R = 2.9 (CI 1.7–4.6); Women: 75–89: R = 2.1 (CI 1.6–2.7); 90+: R = 1.4 (CI 0.2–5.2) |
| Carlsson et al., 2013 Sweden |
Prostate cancer (Prostate Cancer Data Base Sweden) |
1997–2009 | Prostate cancer patients. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 77,539 Suicide n = 160 |
Prostate cancer: 0–6 months after diagnosis: 65–74: RRf = 6.9 (CI 2.8–17); 75+: RR = 7.8 (CI 3.7–16); 6-18 months after diagnosis: 65-74: RR = 2.0 (CI 1.1–3.6); 75+: RR = 2.0 (CI 1.2–3.4); >18 months after diagnosis: 65–74: RR = 1.1 (CI 0.82–1.6); 75+: RR = 1.4 (CI 1.0–1.8); Diagnosed at some point: 65–74: RR = 1.5 (CI 1.1–1.9); 75: RR = 1.7 (CI 1.4–2.2) |
| Crocetti et al., 1998 Italy |
Cancer (Tuscany Cancer Registry) | 1985–1989 | Cancer patients. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 27,123d,b Suicide n = 31 |
Cancer: 65–74: SMR = 2.98 (p = <0.001); 75+: SMR = 1.85 (p = <0.05) |
| Dormer et al., 2008 Australia |
Cancer (Western Australian Cancer Registry) | 1981–2002 | Cancer patients (excl. nonmelanoma skin cancer) aged 70+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 121,533 d,b Suicide n = 59 |
Cancer: 70–79: SMR = 1.58 (CI 1.13–2.21); 80+: SMR = 1.89 (CI 1.28–2.80) |
| Erlangsen et al., 2005 Denmark |
Hospitalization within past 2 years (National Registry of Patients) | 1996–1998 | Persons 65+ hospitalized for somatic disorders. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 1,684,205d,b Suicide n = 661 |
Hospitalized vs. not hospitalized: Men: 65–79: RRf = 3.3 (CI 2.7–4.0) vs. RR = 1.0 (CI 0.8–1.3); 80+: RR = 5.1 (CI 3.9–6.5) vs. RR = 2.6 (CI 2.0–3.4); Women: 65–79: RR = 3.4 (CI 2.5–4.5) vs. RR = 1.0 (CI 0.7–1.3); 80+: RR = 3.8 (CI 2.7–5.4) vs. RR = 1.0 (CI 0.6–1.6) |
| Erlangsen et al., 2015 Denmark |
Thirty-four specific physical conditions (National Registry of Patients) | 1990–2009 | Persons diagnosed with physical disorder at hospital during past 3 yearsg. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 1,849,110 (55% women) Suicide n = 4792 |
Glaucoma: Men: Unadjusted: RRe = 1.16 (CI 0.67-2.00); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.87 (CI 1.13–3.11); Adjusted: RR = 1.86 (CI 1.12–3.10); Multivariate: RR = 1.75 (CI 1.05–2.91) Cataract: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.12 (CI 0.94–1.33); Adjusted: RR = 1.55 (CI 1.37–1.75); Multivariate: RR = 1.37 (CI 1.21–1.54); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.02 (CI 0.84–1.24); Adjusted: RR = 2.06 (CI 1.77–2.40); Multivariate: RR = 1.64 (CI 1.41–1.91) Hearing loss: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 0.90 (CI 0.77–1.05); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 0.75 (CI 0.60–0.95) Heart diseases: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.24 (CI 1.12–1.37); Adjusted: RR = 1.24 (CI 1.12–1.37); Multivariate: RR = 1.19 (CI 1.08–1.32); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.24 (CI 1.06–1.44); Adjusted: RR = 1.31 (CI 1.12–1.53) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 2.07 (CI 1.77–2.40); Adjusted: RR = 2.09 (CI 1.79–2.43); Multivariate: RR = 1.81 (1.55–2.10); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 2.42 (CI 1.99–2.96); Adjusted: RR = 2.61 (CI 2.14–3.18); Multivariate: RR = 2.00 (CI 1.64–2.45) Enteritis and colitis: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.20 (CI 0.72–1.99); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.22 (CI 0.67–2.21); Gastrointestinal disorders: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.75 (CI 1.49–2.05); Adjusted: RR = 1.71 (CI 1.46–2.01); Multivariate: RR = 1.41 (CI 1.20–1.66); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 2.20 (CI 1.81–2.68); Adjusted: RR = 2.26 (CI 1.86–2.76); Multivariate: RR = 1.67 (CI 1.37–2.04) |
| Liver diseases: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 3.27 (CI 2.11–5.08); Adjusted: RR = 3.64 (CI 2.35–5.66); Multivariate: RR = 2.69 (CI 1.73–4.17); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 5.27 (CI 3.43–8.67); Adjusted: RR = 5.45 (CI 3.43–8.67); Multivariate: RR = 4.00 (CI 2.51–6.37); Renal diseases: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.44 (CI 1.03–2.02); Adjusted: RR = 1.54 (CI 1.10–2.17); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.10 (CI 0.57–2.11) Prostate: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.40 (CI 1.23–1.60); Adjusted: RR = 1.35 (CI 1.19–1.54); Multivariate: RR = 1.38 (CI 1.20–1.57) Male genital disorders: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 2.81 (CI 1.46–5.40); Adjusted: RR = 2.88 (CI 1.49–5.53); Multivariate: RR = 2.43 (CI 1.26–4.68) Diabetes: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.00 (CI 0.77–1.29); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 0.75 (CI 0.48–1.17) Thyroid diseases: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 0.75 (CI 0.36–1.57); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.27 (CI 0.86–1.89) Cerebrovascular diseases and hemiplegia: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.61 (CI 1.41–1.84); Adjusted: RR = 1.53 (CI 1.33–1.75); Multivariate: RR = 1.31 (CI 1.15–1.51); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.73 (CI 1.43–2.10); Adjusted: RR = 1.77 (CI 1.46–2.15); Multivariate: RR = 1.41 (CI 1.16–1.72) Epilepsy: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 2.34 (CI 1.62–3.37); Adjusted: RR = 2.41 (CI 1.67–3.47); Multivariate: RR = 1.68 (CI 1.17–2.43); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 2.89 (CI 1.69–4.67); Adjusted: RR = 2.94 (CI 1.77–4.89) Parkinson's disease: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.92 (CI 1.26–2.92); Adjusted: RR = 1.80 (CI 1.19–2.74); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 2.26 (CI 1.25–4.08); Adjusted: RR = 2.22 (CI 1.23–4.02) |
||||
| Polyneuropathy: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.16 (CI 0.55–2.43); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 2.22 (CI 0.92–5.34); Adjusted: RR = 2.46 (CI 1.02–5.93) Arthritis: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.40 (CI 1.09–1.79); Adjusted: RR = 1.51 (CI 1.18–1.94); Multivariate: RR = 1.38 (CI 1.08–1.77); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.34 (CI 0.99–1.80); Adjusted: RR = 1.42 (1.05–1.92) Arthrosis: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 0.88 (CI 0.71–1.08); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 0.85 (CI 0.67–1.08) Osteoporosis: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 2.07 (CI 1.30–3.29); Adjusted: RR = 2.18 (CI 1.37–3.47); Multivariate: RR = 1.75 (CI 1.10–2.78); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.96 (CI 1.48–2.58), Adjusted: RR = 2.29 (CI 1.74–3.02; Multivariate: RR = 1.92 (CI 1.46–2.54) Foot fracture: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.11 (CI 0.53–2.32); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.38 (CI 0.72–2.66) Hand fracture: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.32 (CI 0.84–2.07); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.01 (CI 0.61–1.68) Hip fracture: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.59 (CI 1.24–2.04); Adjusted: RR = 1.31 (CI 1.02–1.68); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.45 (CI 1.17–1.80); Adjusted: RR = 1.45 (CI 1.17–1.81) Leg fracture: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.67 (CI 1.12–2.47); Adjusted: RR = 1.68 (CI 1.13–2.49); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.06 (CI 0.68–1.67) Spinal fracture: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 2.67 (CI 1.96–3.63); Adjusted: RR = 2.49 (CI 1.83–3.38); Multivariate: RR = 1.82 (CI 1.34–2.48); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 2.96 (CI 2.23–3.93); Adjusted: RR = 3.04 (CI 2.29–4.04); Multivariate: RR = 2.12 (CI 1.59–2.83) |
||||
| Shoulder/arm fracture: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.42 (CI 1.06–1.92); Adjusted; RR = 1.42 (CI 1.06–1.92); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 0.98 (CI 0.77–1.24) Bladder cancer: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 2.26 (CI 1.73–2.96); Adjusted: RR = 2.09 (CI 1.60–2.74); Multivariate: RR = 2.08 (CI 1.59–2.73); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.79 (CI 0.85–3.76) Bone cancer: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.40 (CI 1.03–1.89); Adjusted: RR = 1.35 (CI 1.00–1.82); Multivariate: RR = 1.36 (CI 1.00–1.84); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 0.97 (CI 0.55–1.72); Brain cancer: Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 3.75 (CI 1.21–11.63); Adjusted: RR = 3.72 (CI 1.20–11.55); Multivariate: RR = 3.46 (CI 1.11–10.75) Breast cancer: Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: Not shown; Adjusted: RR = 1.72 (CI 1.29–2.30); Multivariate: RR = 1.67 (CI 1.25–2.24) Gastrointestinal cancer: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 2.62 (CI 1.92–3.57); Adjusted: RR = 2.54 (CI 1.86–3.47); Multivariate: RR = 2.54 (CI 1.86–3.48); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.37 (CI 0.68–2.75) Genital cancer: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.57 (CI 1.26–1.95); Adjusted: RR = 1.55 (CI 1.24–1.93); Multivariate: RR = 1.58 (CI 1.26–1.97); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.59 (CI 0.99–2.57) Lung cancer: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 2.45 (CI 1.90–3.17); Adjusted; RR = 2.49 (CI 1.92–3.22); Multivariate: RR = 2.30 (CI 1.78–2.98); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 3.67 (CI 2.46–5.50); Adjusted: RR = 3.77 (CI 2.52–5.64); Multivariate: RR = 3.16 (CI 2.11–4.73) |
||||
| Lymph node cancer: Men: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.81 (CI 1.26–2.62); Adjusted: RR = 1.82 (CI 1.26–2.62); Multivariate: RR = 1.84 (CI 1.28–2.65); Women: Diagnosed within 3 years: Unadjusted: RR = 1.64 (CI 0.90–2.96) | ||||
| Fall et al., 2009 Sweden |
Prostate cancer (Swedish Cancer Registry) | 1987–2004 | Men diagnosed with prostate cancer within past 1 year. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 168,584d Suicide n = 99 |
Prostate cancer: 65–74: RRf = 2.6 (CI 2.0–3.4); 75+: RR = 2.5 (CI 1.8–3.4) |
| Fang et al., 2008 Sweden |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Inpatient Register) | 1965–2004 | Patients diagnosed with ALS aged 70+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 6642d (44% women) Suicide n = 4 |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): SMR = 3.2 (CI 0.9–8.1) |
| Fang et al., 2010 USA |
Prostate cancer (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program) | 1979–2004 | Men diagnosed with prostate cancer within 1-3 months aged 70+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 185,216 Suicide n = 91 |
Prostate cancer: 1-3 months after diagnosis: 70–79: SMR = 1.6 (CI 0.9–2.6); 80+: SMR = 2.4 (CI 1.3–4.1); 4-12 months after diagnosis: 70–79: SMR = 1.2 (CI 0.8–1.6); 80+: SMR = 1.2 (CI 0.8–1.8) |
| Fang et al., 2012 Sweden |
Cancer (Swedish Cancer Registry) | 1991-2006 | Persons diagnosed with cancer. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 3911b Suicide n = 184 |
Cancer: 65–74: RRf = 3.7 (CI 2.9–4.5); 75–84: RR = 2.7 (CI 2.2–3.2) |
| Juurlink et al., 2004 Canada |
Prescription data (proxy for 12 specified conditions) | 1992–2000 | Persons receiving prescribed drug medications (proxy for disorders) aged 66+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 6644 (24% women) Suicide n = 1329 |
Congestive heart failure: Univariate: OR = 1.73 (CI 1.33–2.24) Multivariate: OR = 1.36 (CI 1.00–1.85) Ischemic heart disease: Univariate: OR = 0.92 (CI 0.76–1.12); Multivariate: Not included Chronic lung disease: Univariate: OR = 1.62 (CI 1.37–1.92); Multivariate: OR = 1.30 (CI 1.06–1.58) Hyperacidity syndromes: Univariate: OR = 1.26 (CI 1.09–1.47); Multivariate: OR = 0.81 (CI 0.68–0.97) Urinary incontinence: Univariate: OR = 2.02 (CI 1.29–3.17); Multivariate: OR = 1.11 (CI 0.65–1.89) Diabetes mellitus: Univariate: OR = 1.01 (CI 0.73–1.41); Multivariate: Not included Seizure disorder: Univariate: OR = 2.95 (CI 1.89–4.61); Multivariate: OR = 2.41 (CI 1.42–4.07) Parkinson: Univariate: OR = 1.60 (CI 1.00–2.55); Multivariate: OR = 1.11 (CI 0.65–1.90) Moderate pain: Univariate: OR = 1.91 (CI 1.66–2.20); Multivariate: OR = 1.24 (CI 1.04–1.47) Severe pain: Univariate: OR = 7.52 (CI 4.93–11.46); Multivariate: OR: 4.07 (CI 2.51–6.59) Rheumatoid arthritis: Univariate: OR = 1.00 (CI 0.33–2.99); Multivariate: Not included Breast cancer: Univariate: OR = 1.46 (CI 0.46–4.57); Multivariate: Not included Prostate cancer: Univariate: OR = 1.18 (CI 0.71–1.95); Multivariate: Not included |
| Kurella et al., 2005 USA |
End stage renal disease (Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Medical Evidence form) | 1995–2000 | Patients aged 75+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 102,424d (47% women) Suicide n = 264d |
End stage renal disease: Unadjusted: RRf = 2.25 (CI 1.58–3.22); Multivariate: RR = 1.49 (CI 1.03–2.16) |
| Larsen et al., 2010 Denmark |
Myocardial infarction (Danish Society of Cardiology) | 1981–2006 | Patients aged 70+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 49,518b Suicide n = 5249 |
Myocardial infarction: Age 70–79: Unadjusted: RRe = 1.24 (CI 1.08–1.42); Adjusted: RR = 1.19 (CI 1.02–1.38); Age 80–89: Unadjusted: RR = 1.24 (CI 1.03–1.49); Adjusted: RR = 1.23 (CI 1.02–1.49) |
| Miccinesi et al., 2004 Italy |
Cancer (Tuscany Cancer Registry) | 1985–1999 | Cancer patients. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 90,197d (47% women) Suicide n = 76 |
Cancer: 65–74: SMR = 180h; 75+: SMR = 231h |
| Miller et al., 2008 USA |
Nine specific medical illnesses (Pharmaceutical Assistance Program for the Aged and Disabled) | 1994–2002 | Persons using Medicare. Comparison respondents part of same program. N = 1408 (18% women) Suicide n = 128 |
Medical illness (any of 9 specific): Crude: OR = 1.2 (CI 0.8–1.8) Angina pectoris: Crude: OR = 1.3 (CI 0.8–2.0) Congestive heart failure: Crude: OR = 2.0 (CI 1.3–3.3); Multivariate: OR = 1.1 (CI 0.6–1.9) Acute myocardial infarction: Crude: OR = 1.4 (CI 0.8–2.7) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Crude analysis: OR = 1.7 (CI 1.1–2.5); Multivariate: OR = 1.1 (CI 0.7–1.8) Diabetes: Crude: OR = 0.8 (CI 0.5–1.2) Stroke: Crude analysis: OR = 1.8 (CI 1.2–2.7); Multivariate: OR = 1.2 (CI 0.7–1.9) Osteoarthritis: Crude analysis: OR = 1.2 (CI 0.7–2.1) Spine disorder: Crude analysis: OR = 1.8 (CI 1.1–3.0); Multivariate: OR = 0.9 (CI 0.5–1.6) Malignancy: Crude: OR = 3.3 (CI 1.9–5.7); Multivariate: OR = 2.3 (CI 1.1–4.8) |
| Misono et al., 2008 USA |
Cancer (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program) | 1973–2002 | Cancer patients. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 3,594,750d (52% women) Suicide n = 3271 |
Cancer: 65–69: SMR = 2.42 (CI 2.27–2.58); 70–74: SMR = 2.48 (CI 2.33–2.64); 75–79: SMR = 2.28 (CI 2.12–2.46); 80–84: SMR = 2.38 (CI 2.16–2.61); 85+: SMR = 2.51 (CI 2.19–2.86) |
| Nakash, Barchana, Liphshitz, Keinan-Boker, & Levav, 2013 Israel |
Cancer (Israel National Cancer Registry) | 1999–2007 | Cancer patients ethnic origins. Comparison respondents from general population. N not shown Suicide: n = 10 (Asia-North Africa) (10% women); n = 131 Europe-America (21% women) |
Cancer: Asia–North Africa: Men: SIR = 0.59 (CI 0.21–0.98); Women: SIR = 1.36 (CI 0.00–1.04); Europe–America: Men: SIR = 1.88 (CI 1.52–2.24); Women: SIR = 1.36 (CI 0.85–1.86) |
| Oberaigner et al., 2014 Austria |
Cancer (Malignant) (Cancer patients diagnosed in Tyrol, Austria) | 1991–2010 | Cancer patients aged 70+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 53,803d (48% women) Suicide n = 52 |
Cancer (malignant): Men and women: 70–79: SMR = 1.86 (CI 1.31–2.55); 80+: SMR = 1.62 (CI 0.89–2.72); Men: 70–79: SMR = 1.72 (CI 1.15–2.47); 80+: SMR = 1.99 (CI 1.09–3.34); Women: 70–79: SMR = 2.52 (CI 1.15–4.79); 80+: SMR = 0.00 (CI 0.00–2.31) |
| Smailyte et al., 2013 Lithuania |
Cancer (Lithuanian Cancer Registry) | 2001–2009 | Cancer patients aged 70+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 132,459d (48% women) Suicide: n = 98 |
Cancer: Men: SMR = 1.44 (CI 1.14–1.79); Women: SMR = 1.27 (CI 0.75–2.00) |
| Tanaka et al., 1999 Japan |
Cancer (Osaka Cancer Registry) |
1978–1994 | Cancer patients diagnosed in hospital aged 70+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 23,979d (45% women) Suicide n = 8 |
Cancer: O/E = 1.36 (CI 0.59–2.68) |
| Teasdale & Engberg, 2001 Denmark |
Stroke (National Bureau of Health Register of Hospitalizations) | 1979–1993 | Persons diagnosed with stroke in hospital aged 70+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 67,070b Suicide: n = 154 |
Stroke: Age 70–79: SMR = 1.81 (CI 1.51–2.17); Aged 80+: SMR = 1.30 (CI 0.95–1.79) |
| Urban et al., 2013 USA |
Lung cancer (ICD for Oncology) | 1973–2009 | Patients diagnosed with lung cancer aged 70+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 418,202b Suicide n = 561 |
Lung cancer: Diagnosed: 70–79: SMR = 5.66 (CI 5.12–6.24); 80+: SMR = 6.18 (CI 5.25–7.23); Diagnosed within last 3 months: 70–79: SMR = 14.8 (CI 12.5–17.4); 80+: SMR = 15.5 (CI 12.4–19.3); Diagnosed more than 3 months ago: 70–79: SMR = 4.2 (CI 3.7–4.8); 80+: SMR = 3.7 (CI 2.9–4.6) |
| Voaklander et al., 2008 Canada |
13 specified physical conditions | 1993–2002 | Persons aged using health care services from GP or hospital aged 66+. Comparison respondents from general population. N = 3601 (28% women) Suicide n = 602 |
Cardiac diagnosis: Physician coded: Unadjusted: OR = 0.95 (0.73–1.24); Hospital coded: Unadjusted: OR = 2.67 (CI 2.05–3.46) Hypertension: Physician coded: Unadjusted: OR = 0.85 (CI 0.68–1.06); Hospital coded: Unadjusted: OR = 2.62 (CI 1.88–3.66) Asthma: Physician coded: Unadjusted: OR = 1.53 (CI 0.93–2.49); Hospital coded: Unadjusted: OR = 1.59 (CI 0.51–4.96) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Physician coded: Unadjusted: OR = 1.30 (CI 0.89–1.89); Hospital coded: Unadjusted: OR = 3.37 (CI 2.26–5.02) Liver disease: Physician coded: Unadjusted: OR = 1.68 (CI 1.11–2.42); Group adjusted: OR = 1.19 (CI 0.73–1.95); Fully adjusted: OR = 0.89 (CI 0.53–1.49); Hospital coded: Unadjusted: OR = 4.32 (CI 2.55–7.01); Group adjusted: OR = 2.56 (CI 1.40–4.67); Fully adjusted: OR = 3.12 (CI 1.70–5.75) Renal disease: Physician coded: Unadjusted: OR = 0.86 (CI 0.33–2.27); Hospital coded: Unadjusted: OR = 1.66 (CI 0.17–15.98) Incontinence: Physician coded: Unadjusted: OR = 1.98 (CI 1.50–2.62); Group adjusted: OR = 1.66 (CI 1.18–2.34); Fully adjusted: OR = 1.76 (CI 1.24–2.49); Hospital coded: Unadjusted: OR = 4.54 (CI 2.28–9.03); Group adjusted: OR = 2.21 (CI 0.92–5.29); Fully adjusted: OR = 1.84 (CI 0.74–4.54) Diabetes: Physician coded: Univariate: OR = 0.69 (CI 0.46–1.03); Hospital coded: Univariate: OR = 2.27 (CI 1.53–3.39) Stroke: Physician coded: Unadjusted: OR = 2.25 (CI 1.42–3.57); Group adjusted: OR = 2.18 (CI 1.25–3.83); Fully adjusted: OR = 2.39 (CI 1.37–4.20); Hospital coded: Unadjusted: OR = 2.15 (CI 1.40–3.39); Group adjusted: OR = 1.01 (CI 0.54–1.88); Fully adjusted: OR = 1.32 (CI 0.71–2.44) Pain: Narcotic pain killers: Prescriptions: Unadjusted: OR = 4.38 (CI 3.22–5.93); Group adjusted: OR = 3.03 (CI 2.12–4.34); Fully adjusted: OR = 2.57 (CI 1.71–3.86) Narcotic pain killers: Mild: OR = 2.10 (CI 1.29–3.42); Strong: OR = 6.30 (CI 2.61–15.20) Osteoarthritis: Physician coded: Unadjusted: OR = 1.34 (CI 0.99–1.74); Hospital coded: Unadjusted: OR = 1.22 (CI 0.61–2.45) Osteoporosis: Physician coded: Unadjusted: OR = 1.69 (CI 0.62–4.66); Hospital coded: Unadjusted: OR = 3.12 (CI 1.56–6.21) Cancer: Physician coded: Unadjusted: OR = 0.99 (CI 0.72–1.35); Group adjusted: OR = 1.19 (CI 0.84–1.69); Fully adjusted: OR = 1.09 (CI 0.76–1.57); Hospital coded: Unadjusted: OR = 3.93 (CI 2.72–5.67); Group adjusted: OR = 3.28 (CI 2.11–5.09); Fully adjusted: OR = 2.15 (CI 1.33–3.49) |
Note: aStudy participants are aged 65 and above unless otherwise specified.
b% women not shown.
c95 % for all studies.
dAll ages.
eRate ratio.
fRelative risk.
gSee article for results for lifetime diagnoses.
h95 % CI not specified, but does not include 100.