Fig. 3.

Zinc finger protein 488 (ZNF488) induces cancer stem cell-like self-renewal properties to enhance tumorigenesis. (A) Expression of stem cell markers, ABCG2, NANOG, and SOX2 by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. (B) ZNF488–over-expressing and control cell lines were subjected to anchorage-independent colony formation in soft agar (×20). (C) Representative picture of xenograft tumors in nude mice inoculated with CNE1 stably expressing ZNF488 or vector control. (D) Growth curves of tumor volumes in nude mice. (E) Statistical analysis of tumor weights. Data are presented as the mean±standard deviation, and p-values were calculated with Student’s t test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.