Table 4a.
Discrete-time logit models for the effects of neighborhood poverty on the risk of smoking initiation by age 25 among nonw hite respondents (n=10,185)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | IPT-Weighted | Regression | |||||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||||
| NH poverty, cumulative proportion (low) | |||||||||
| Moderate | 1.19 | 0.58-2.45 | 1.05 | 0.37-2.96 | 1.34 | 0.58-3.13 | |||
| High | 1.59 | 0.92-2.73 | * | 1.46 | 0.58-3.67 | 1.51 | 0.72-3.19 | ||
| Age | 5.37 | 3.61-7.99 | *** | 5.55 | 3.35-9.18 | *** | 5.46 | 3.65-8.17 | *** |
| Age squared | 0.96 | 0.95-0.97 | *** | 0.96 | 0.94-0.97 | *** | 0.96 | 0.95-0.97 | *** |
| Gender (male) | |||||||||
| Female | 0.77 | 0.54-1.08 | 0.68 | 0.50-0.92 | ** | ||||
| Birthweight (88 ounces or more) | |||||||||
| Less than 88 ounces | 0.81 | 0.40-1.63 | 0.78 | 0.41-1.45 | |||||
| Mother's marital status at birth (married) | |||||||||
| Unmarried | 0.89 | 0.58-1.38 | 0.91 | 0.60-1.38 | |||||
| Mother's age at birth | 1.01 | 0.97-1.06 | 1.01 | 0.98-1.05 | |||||
| HH's education at age 4 (less than HS) | |||||||||
| High school graduate | 0.82 | 0.54-1.25 | 0.83 | 0.58-1.21 | |||||
| At least some college | 0.86 | 0.50-1.48 | 0.87 | 0.54-1.39 | |||||
| NH poverty at age 4 (low) | |||||||||
| Moderate | 1.01 | 0.42-2.45 | 0.90 | 0.45-1.79 | |||||
| High | 1.15 | 0.49-2.74 | 1.07 | 0.55-2.07 | |||||
| HH's marital status at age 4 (married) | |||||||||
| Unmarried | 1.24 | 0.79-1.94 | 1.18 | 0.72-1.93 | |||||
| HH's employment status at age 4 (employed) | |||||||||
| Unemployed | 0.93 | 0.58-1.50 | 0.86 | 0.54-1.38 | |||||
| Homeownership at age 4 (owns home) | |||||||||
| Does not own home | 1.34 | 0.88-2.06 | 1.13 | 0.72-1.80 | |||||
| Family size at age 4 | 0.95 | 0.87-1.03 | 0.92 | 0.82-1.03 | |||||
| Public assistance receipt at age 4 (none) | |||||||||
| Received public assistance | 2.19 | 1.42-3.37 | *** | 1.56 | 0.99-2.48 | * | |||
| Household income at age 4 | 1.08 | 0.78-1.50 | 1.01 | 0.78-1.32 | |||||
| HH's work hours per week at age 4 | 1.01 | 1.00-1.02 | 1.01 | 0.99-1.02 | |||||
| Year born (1966-1969) | |||||||||
| 1970-1974 | 0.72 | 0.37-1.42 | 0.76 | 0.45-1.27 | |||||
| 1975-1979 | 1.02 | 0.57-1.85 | 1.09 | 0.65-1.81 | |||||
| 1980-1984 | 1.48 | 0.84-2.59 | 1.43 | 0.86-2.37 | |||||
| 1985-1989 | 1.13 | 0.56-2.29 | 1.10 | 0.55-2.23 | |||||
| 1990-1993 | 0.54 | 0.06-5.05 | 0.62 | 0.07-5.28 | |||||
| HH's marital status, average | 0.88 | 0.48-1.62 | |||||||
| HH's employment status, average | 4.94 | 1.60-15.26 | *** | ||||||
| Homeownership, average | 1.26 | 0.71-2.27 | |||||||
| Family size, average | 1.04 | 0.90-1.21 | |||||||
| Public assistance receipt, average | 1.12 | 0.52-2.40 | |||||||
| Household income, average | 1.00 | 1.00-1.00 | |||||||
| HH's work hours per week, average | 1.03 | 1.00-1.06 | ** | ||||||
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are combined estimates from five multiple imputation datasets
NH=Neighborhood; HH=Household head
*
p<0.10
**
p<0.05
***
p<0.01