Figure 6.

P seudomonas aeruginosa  PAO1 48 h biofilm grown under flow conditions in the Robbins device and treated with a phage in emulsion suspension or PBS in emulsion suspension (control) for 48 h. (A) Number of viable cells recovered from the disruption of the biofilms; (B) number of phage particles recovered from the disputed biofilms; (C) 3D images of the biofilms observed under the confocal microscope stained with LIVE/DEAD stain at a magnification of 20×. Live (green) and dead (red) bacterial cells can be observed on the surface of the stainless steel disc. Enumeration assays were performed three times, and the means ± standard deviations are indicated. Statistical significance of biofilm reduction was assessed by performing Student's t‐test. P ‐values are indicated (*P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001).