Table 1. Characteristics at interview and at ART initiation of study population in multi-country (Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia) adherence study, 2011.
| Characteristic | Tanzania (n = 1469) | Uganda (n = 1474) | Zambia (n = 1482) | Total number of patients (n = 4425) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender: n (%) | ||||
| Male | 394 (26.8) | 505 (34.3) | 520 (35.1) | 1419 (32.1) |
| Female | 1075 (73.2) | 969 (65.7) | 962 (64.9) | 3006 (67.9) |
| At interview | ||||
| Age (years): median (IQR) | 41 (35–47) | 39 (34–46) | 40 (34–47) | 40 (34–47) |
| Years on ART: median (IQR) | 3.2 (2.0–4.6) | 3.6 (2.2–5.4) | 4.2 (2.5–5.7) | 3.6 (2.2–5.3) |
| CD4 (cells/μL): median (IQR) | 372 (243–548) | 368 (245–524) | 427 (291–588) | 391 (255–560) |
| Missing: n (%) | 701 (47.7) | 803 (54.5) | 700 (47.2) | 2204 (49.8) |
| ART regimen: n (%) | ||||
| d4T-3TC-NVP | 549 (37.4) | 11 (0.7) | 158 (10.7) | 718 (16.2) |
| AZT-3TC-EFV | 389 (26.5) | 296 (20.1) | 76 (5.1) | 761 (17.2) |
| AZT-3TC-NVP | 258 (17.6) | 898 (60.9) | 253 (17.1) | 1409 (31.8) |
| TDF-3TC/FTC-EFV | 114 (7.8) | 83 (5.6) | 493 (33.3) | 690 (15.6) |
| PI-containing | 31 (2.1) | 39 (2.6) | 66 (4.5) | 136 (3.1) |
| Other | 38 (2.6) | 134 (9.1) | 369 (24.9) | 541 (12.2) |
| Missing | 90 (6.1) | 13 (0.9) | 67 (4.5) | 170 (3.8) |
| Regimen containing: n (%) | ||||
| EFV | 517 (35.2) | 382 (25.9) | 641 (43.3) | 1540 (34.8) |
| NVP | 823 (56.0) | 1036 (70.3) | 708 (47.8) | 2567 (58.0) |
| d4T | 575 (39.1) | 23 (1.6) | 207 (14.0) | 805 (18.2) |
| AZT | 660 (44.9) | 1217 (82.6) | 347 (23.4) | 2224 (50.3) |
| TDF | 123 (8.4) | 221 (15.0) | 787 (53.1) | 1131 (25.6) |
| Regimen change since ART initiation: n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 663 (45.1) | 667 (45.3) | 670 (45.2) | 2000 (45.2) |
| No | 806 (54.9) | 807 (54.7) | 812 (54.8) | 2425 (54.8) |
| Change from NVP at initiation: n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 246 (16.7) | 141 (9.6) | 197 (13.3) | 584 (13.2) |
| No | 708 (48.2) | 924 (62.7) | 504 (34.0) | 2136 (48.3) |
| Not applicable | 515 (35.1) | 409 (27.7) | 781 (52.7) | 1705 (38.5) |
| Change from EFV at initiation: n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 165 (11.2) | 59 (4.0) | 64 (4.3) | 288 (6.5) |
| No | 342 (23.3) | 259 (17.6) | 495 (33.4) | 1096 (24.8) |
| Not applicable | 962 (65.5) | 1156 (78.4) | 923 (62.3) | 3041 (68.7) |
| Change from d4T at initiation: n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 345 (23.5) | 400 (27.1) | 256 (17.3) | 1001 (22.6) |
| No | 442 (30.1) | 6 (0.4) | 183 (12.3) | 631 (14.3) |
| Not applicable | 682 (46.4) | 1068 (72.5) | 1043 (70.4) | 2793 (63.1) |
| Change from AZT at initiation: n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 212 (14.4) | 82 (5.6) | 110 (7.4) | 404 (9.1) |
| No | 427 (29.1) | 840 (57.0) | 256 (17.3) | 1523 (34.4) |
| Not applicable | 830 (56.5) | 552 (37.4) | 1116 (75.3) | 2498 (56.5) |
| At ART initiation | ||||
| Year of ART initiation: n (%) | ||||
| 2002–2004 | 10 (0.7) | 60 (4.1) | 97 (6.5) | 167 (3.8) |
| 2005 | 123 (8.4) | 180 (12.2) | 192 (13.0) | 495 (11.2) |
| 2006 | 155 (10.6) | 152 (10.3) | 209 (14.1) | 516 (11.7) |
| 2007 | 198 (13.5) | 224 (15.2) | 254 (17.1) | 676 (15.3) |
| 2008 | 272 (18.5) | 219 (14.9) | 241 (16.3) | 732 (16.5) |
| 2009 | 315 (21.4) | 280 (19.0) | 235 (15.9) | 830 (18.8) |
| 2010 | 356 (24.2) | 313 (21.2) | 240 (16.2) | 909 (20.5) |
| 2011 | 36 (2.5) | 43 (2.9) | 11 (0.7) | 90 (2.0) |
| Missing | 4 (0.2) | 3 (0.2) | 3 (0.2) | 10 (0.2) |
| WHO clinical stage: n (%) | ||||
| Stage 1 and 2 | 414 (28.2) | 704 (47.8) | 567 (38.3) | 1685 (38.1) |
| Stage 3 | 659 (44.9) | 512 (34.7) | 671 (45.3) | 1842 (41.6) |
| Stage 4 | 274 (18.6) | 151 (10.2) | 92 (6.2) | 517 (11.7) |
| Missing | 122 (8.3) | 107 (7.3) | 152 (10.2) | 381 (8.6) |
| CD4 (cells/μL): median (IQR) | 138 (68–218) | 149 (83–211) | 147 (75–228) | 145 (75–217) |
| Missing: n (%) | 281 (19.3) | 296 (20.1) | 312 (21.1) | 889 (20.1) |
| ART regimen: n (%) | ||||
| d4T-3TC-NVP | 736 (50.1) | 394 (26.7) | 396 (26.7) | 1526 (34.5) |
| AZT-3TC-EFV | 421 (28.7) | 251 (17.0) | 77 (5.2) | 749 (16.9) |
| AZT-3TC-NVP | 218 (14.8) | 668 (45.3) | 288 (19.5) | 1174 (26.5) |
| TDF-3TC/FTC-EFV | 36 (2.5) | 54 (3.7) | 403 (27.2) | 493 (11.1) |
| PI-containing | 5 (0.3) | 16 (1.1) | 12 (0.8) | 33 (0.8) |
| Other | 51 (3.5) | 13 (0.9) | 95 (6.4) | 159 (3.6) |
| Missing | 2 (0.1) | 78 (5.3) | 211 (14.2) | 291 (6.6) |
| Regimen containing: n (%) | ||||
| EFV | 507 (34.5) | 318 (21.6) | 559 (37.7) | 1384 (31.3) |
| NVP | 954 (64.9) | 1065 (72.3) | 701 (47.3) | 2720 (61.5) |
| d4T | 787 (53.6) | 406 (27.5) | 439 (29.6) | 1632 (36.9) |
| AZT | 639 (43.5) | 922 (62.6) | 366 (24.7) | 1927 (43.6) |
| TDF | 36 (2.5) | 63 (4.3) | 409 (27.6) | 508 (11.5) |
d4T: stavudine; 3TC: lamivudine; NVP: nevirapine; EFV: efavirenz; AZT: zidovudine; TDF: tenofovir; FTC: emtricitabine; PI: protease inhibitor.