Table 3. Regression coefficients of factors associated with symptom burden (expressed as HIV Symptom Index Score) in multi-country (Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia) adherence study, 2011.

Risk factor	Single regression*		Multiple regression*
	Coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	Coefficient (95% CI)	P-value
Male (versus female)	-1.6 (-2.2, -1.0)	<0.001	-1.6 (-2.2, -1.0)	<0.001
WHO clinical stage at ART initiation (versus WHO stage 1 and 2)		0.138
Stage 3	+0.7 (+0.1, +1.4)
Stage 4	+0.6 (-0.3, +1.6)
Missing	+0.7 (-0.3, +1.8)
CD4 cell count at ART initiation (versus ≥250 cells/μL)		0.495
< 250 cells/μL	-0.1 (-1.4, +0.4)
Missing	-0.5 (-1.6, +0.5)
Regimen at ART initiation containing
NVP (versus EFV)	+1.0 (+0.3, +1.6)	0.006		NS
d4T (versus AZT)	+0.9 (+0.3, +1.4)	0.003	+0.9 (+0.3, +1.4)	0.004
Current age (per 10 years)	-0.1 (-0.4, +0.2)	0.479
Duration on ART (per year)	+0.1 (-0.1, +0.2)	0.400
CD4 cell count (versus ≥250 cells/μL)		0.367
< 250 cells/μL	+0.6 (-0.3, +1.5)
Missing	-0.1 (-0.7, +0.6)
Current regimen containing
NVP (versus EFV)	+0.6 (-0.1, +1.3)	0.115
d4T (versus AZT)	+0.7 (-0.2, +1.5)	0.109

*Regression coefficients and P-values calculated using linear regression with site as a fixed effect.

Factors with negative coefficients are associated with a reduced symptom burden; those with a positive coefficient with an increased symptom burden.

d4T: stavudine; NVP: nevirapine; EFV: efavirenz; AZT: zidovudine; CI: confidence interval.