Table 4. Analysis of individual symptoms with incomplete adherence as outcome (defined as missed ART for at least 48 consecutive hours during the past 3 months) in multi-country (Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia) adherence study, 2011.
| Total (n = 4425) | Incomplete adherence (n = 141) | Crude Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI) * | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reporting at least one symptom, n (%) | 3907 (88.3) | 136 (96.5) | 2.95 (1.19–7.35) | 0.007 |
| Symptom, n (%) | ||||
| Fatigue or loss of energy | 1628 (36.8) | 67 (47.5) | 1.45 (1.01–2.06) | 0.042 |
| Pain, numbness, or tingling in the hands or feet | 1560 (35.3) | 57 (40.4) | 1.11 (0.78–1.58) | 0.562 |
| Headache | 1519 (34.3) | 61 (43.3) | 1.29 (0.91–1.83) | 0.162 |
| Felt sad, down or depressed | 1309 (29.6) | 63 (44.7) | 1.49 (1.05–2.12) | 0.029 |
| Muscle aches or joint pains | 1190 (26.9) | 49 (34.8) | 1.25 (0.87–1.80) | 0.240 |
| Fat deposits or weight gain | 1147 (25.9) | 37 (26.2) | 0.99 (0.66–1.47) | 0.950 |
| Fevers, chills, or sweats | 1135 (25.6) | 52 (36.9) | 1.67 (1.16–2.41) | 0.007 |
| Trouble remembering | 1109 (25.1) | 37 (26.2) | 1.02 (0.69–1.52) | 0.906 |
| Cough or breathing difficulties | 1026 (23.2) | 51 (36.2) | 1.80 (1.25–2.61) | 0.002 |
| Problems with having sex (such as loss of interest or a lack of satisfaction) | 1016 (23.0) | 39 (27.7) | 1.13 (0.76–1.66) | 0.554 |
| Weight loss or wasting | 1010 (22.8) | 39 (27.7) | 1.20 (0.81–1.77) | 0.362 |
| Dizzy or lightheaded | 999 (22.6) | 45 (31.9) | 1.42 (0.98–2.06) | 0.071 |
| Loss of appetite or change in taste of food | 915 (20.7) | 53 (37.6) | 2.05 (1.43–2.95) | <0.001 |
| Skin problems (rash, dryness, or itching) | 843 (19.1) | 48 (34.0) | 1.95 (1.35–2.81) | <0.001 |
| Difficulty falling or staying asleep | 837 (18.9) | 38 (27.0) | 1.35 (0.91–1.99) | 0.145 |
| Felt nervous or anxious | 812 (18.4) | 38 (27.0) | 1.27 (0.85–1.89) | 0.256 |
| Bloating, stomach pain, or gas | 796 (18.0) | 40 (28.4) | 1.59 (1.08–2.34) | 0.022 |
| Nausea or vomiting | 524 (11.8) | 28 (19.9) | 1.72 (1.11–2.67) | 0.020 |
| Diarrhoea or loose bowl movements | 475 (10.7) | 31 (22.0) | 2.24 (1.47–3.43) | <0.001 |
| Hair loss or hair change | 179 (4.0) | 6 (4.3) | 1.01 (0.43–2.36) | 0.975 |
*OR and P-value calculated using logistic regression with site as a fixed effect.
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.