Table 2.
Multinomial logit analysis of spring of eighth grade ADHD-CD, spring of kindergarten predictors
| Group 2a | Group 3a | |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Moderate Comorbid ADHD-CD Symptomatology | Severe Comorbid ADHD-CD Symptomatology | |
| Frequent Attention-Related and Externalizing Problem Behaviors | 2.37 *** | 3.63 *** |
| Low Academic Achievement | 1.7 *** | 2.24 *** |
| Male | 2.98 *** | 3.58 *** |
| SES | ||
| Lowest Quintile | 1.8 ** | 4.51 *** |
| Second Lowest Quintile | 1.21 | 2.81 *** |
| Middle Quintile | 1.3 | 2.56 *** |
| Second Highest Quintile | 1.05 | 2.22 *** |
| Race | ||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 0.94 | 1.08 |
| Hispanic | 1.17 | 0.93 |
| Asian | 0.4 * | 0.07 ** |
| Others | 0.83 | 0.97 |
| Marital Status | ||
| Single | 1.53 *** | 1.64 |
| Location Type | ||
| Urban fringe and large town | 0.93 | 0.9 |
| Small town and rural | 1.08 | 0.83 |
| Region | ||
| Midwest | 1.05 | 1.26 |
| South | 1.12 | 1.34 |
| West | 0.87 | 1.15 |
| Risky Area | 0.96 | 1.03 |
| Attended Head Start | 1.1 | 0.99 |
| Birth Characteristics | ||
| Very low birth weight | 1.45 | 2.45 |
| Low birth weight | 0.96 | 1.18 |
| Maternal Characteristics | ||
| Mother’s age < 18 | 1.1 | 1.45 |
| Mother’s age >= 35 | 1.25 | 1.15 |
| Depressive Symptoms | 1.37 | 1.44 * |
| Emotional problem or drug/alcohol abuse | 1.43 | 2.07 ** |
| Parenting Style | ||
| Lack of routine | 1.32 | 1.2 |
| Spanking | 1.25 * | 1.6 *** |
| Interview Language Other than English | 0.89 | 0.61 |
Note.
*
p≤ .05
**
p≤ .01
***
p≤ .001.
a
Results shown in reference to Group 1, or those Eighth grade children rated as not being in both the “worst” 80% or above in the distribution of scores on the ADHD and CD subscales.