Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| TOTAL | Emergency admission | ICU | Hospital LOS > 7 days | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 1,014,891 | n = 767,712 | n = 123,609 | n = 312,512 | ||
| Baseline characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | Mean ± SD | 77.8 ± 7.4 | 78.9 ± 7.5 | 76.2 ± 6.8 | 79.4 ± 7.5 |
| Sex (female) | 549,185 (54.1 %) | 429,136 (55.9 %) | 54,572 (44.1 %) | 179,031 (57.3 %) | |
| Income quintile | Lowest | 220,665 (21.7 %) | 176,416 (23.0 %) | 25,987 (21.0 %) | 72,871 (23.3 %) |
| Next to lowest | 214,889 (21.2 %) | 164,618 (21.4 %) | 26,350 (21.3 %) | 66,867 (21.4 %) | |
| Middle | 197,575 (19.5 %) | 148,984 (19.4 %) | 24,224 (19.6 %) | 60,300 (19.3 %) | |
| Next to highest | 190,381 (18.8 %) | 140,234 (18.3 %) | 23,701 (19.2 %) | 56,908 (18.2 %) | |
| Highest | 187,203 (18.4 %) | 134,088 (17.5 %) | 22,826 (18.5 %) | 54,228 (17.4 %) | |
| Unavailable | 4178 (0.4 %) | 3372 (0.4 %) | 521 (0.4 %) | 1338 (0.4 %) | |
| Number of medications in previous year | Median (IQR) | 9 (6–14) | 10 (6–14) | 9 (6–13) | 10 (6–14) |
| Charlson comorbidity index score | 0 | 425,956 (42.0 %) | 287,631 (37.5 %) | 33,725 (27.3 %) | 89,369 (28.6 %) |
| 1 | 262,313 (25.8 %) | 228,324 (29.7 %) | 37,068 (30.0 %) | 87,445 (28.0 %) | |
| ≥2 | 326,622 (32.2 %) | 251,757 (32.8 %) | 52,816 (42.7 %) | 135,698 (43.4 %) | |
| Dementia | 174,063 (17.2 %) | 160,541 (20.9 %) | 12,347 (10.0 %) | 73,494 (23.5 %) | |
| Primary care visits during previous year | Median (IQR) | 5 (3–8) | 6 (3–9) | 5 (3–8) | 6 (3–9) |
| Specialist visits during previous year | Median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–3) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) |
| Nursing home residency | 66,896 (6.6 %) | 64,291 (8.4 %) | 3900 (3.2 %) | 23,023 (7.4 %) | |
| Admission characteristics | |||||
| Teaching hospital | 271,254 (26.7 %) | 182,702 (23.8 %) | 41,596 (33.7 %) | 87,690 (28.1 %) | |
| Rural hospital | 84,872 (8.4 %) | 77,499 (10.1 %) | 9814 (7.9 %) | 26,136 (8.4 %) | |
| Hospital length of stay | Mean ± SD | 8.53 ± 14.35 | 9.44 ± 15.87 | 11.11 ± 15.98 | 18.58 ± 22.74 |
| ICU length of stay | Mean ± SD | 0.42 ± 1.84 | 0.44 ± 1.90 | 3.44 ± 4.19 | 0.88 ± 3.05 |
| Median (IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 2 (1–4) | 0 (0–0) | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 36,338 (3.6 %) | 19,175 (2.5 %) | 34,147 (27.6 %) | 24,214 (7.7 %) | |
| Mechanical ventilation duration | Mean ± SD | 0.12 ± 1.14 | 0.10 ± 1.14 | 0.92 ± 3.14 | 0.31 ± 2.01 |
| Mortality - 30 days | 14,774 (1.5 %) | 14,152 (1.8 %) | 1,284 (1.0 %) | 7,694 (2.5 %) | |
| Mortality - 1 year | 137,023 (13.5 %) | 125,228 (16.3 %) | 13,899 (11.2 %) | 62,996 (20.2 %) | |
| Discharge to nursing home | 100,572 (9.9 %) | 96,455 (12.6 %) | 6,379 (5.2 %) | 55,076 (17.6 %) | |