Fig. 2.

Antibodies promote microglia-mediated clearance of aggregated toxic proteins in neurodegenerative disorders. Toxic oligomeric forms of amyloid-β (Aβ), α-synuclein (α-syn), and tau are released by neurons to the extracellular environment in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and frontotemporal dementia brains, where they propagate to neuronal or glial cells leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Antibodies bind extracellular or membrane-bound toxic oligomeric conformations of Aβ, α-syn, and tau, and might accelerate their clearance by microglia-mediated mechanisms, probably involving interaction with Fcγ receptors (FcγR) and autophagy degradation (bottom panel). MVB = multivesicular body