Table 1.

The PI-ED symptoms

Symptom
a Anxiety symptoms—seven symptoms
I feel shaky or ‘wound up’ [A1]
I get a sort of frightened feeling as if something bad is about to happen [A2] (F) (Y)
I worry about things [A3] (F) (O)
I can chill-out and feel relaxed (r) [A4]
I get a sort of frightened feeling like ‘butterflies’ in my tummy [A5] (F)
I feel restless/fidgety as if I have to be on the move [A6] (Y)
I get panicky [A7] (F) (Y)
b Depression symptoms—nine symptoms
I still enjoy the things I used to enjoy (r)
I feel happy (r) [D1]
I feel sluggish/slowed down [D2] (O)
I look forward to fun things (r) [D3]
I cry/feel like crying [D4] (F)
I get annoyed easily [D5]
I feel good about myself (r) [D6] (F) (O)
I can enjoy a good book or computer game or TV programme (r)
I am lonely [D7] (Y)

The following 16 PI-ED symptoms were initially assessed as the basis for developing the PI-ED

(r) reverse scored

Code in the square brackets refers to the symptoms in Fig. 1

Cothymia is calculated by summing all the symptoms following reversal. As girls show differential symptom endorsement compared to boys (and younger to older) we suggest that clinicians also pay particular attention to these symptoms when making diagnoses and planning treatments

F, more likely to be endorsed by girls; Y, more likely to be endorsed by younger children; O, more likely to be endorsed by older children