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. 2016 Jan 21;6:427. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00427

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Ventricular remodeling. Representative Masson's trichrome stained cryo-sections for (A) cold (5°C) and (B) warm (18°C) acclimated rainbow trout show remodeling of the compact (c) and spongy (s) myocardium. Quantification of (C) compact layer thickness, (D) spongy myocyte bundle cross sectional area and (E) spongy layer extra-bundular sinus show remodeling with temperature acclimation. These differences are supported by (F) mRNA expression of gene markers of muscle growth (VMHC, MLP and SMLC2), hyperplasia (PCNA) and angiogenesis (VEGF) in the spongy myocardium. (G) mRNA expression of hypertrophic gene markers (ANP and BNP) and the pro-hypertrophic NFAT signaling pathway (RCAN1) in the spongy myocardium with cold (5°C; blue), control (10°C; green) and warm (18°C; red) acclimation (n = 7 fish for each acclimation group; 3 replicates for each animal were averaged for both histology and qPCR). Values presented are mean ± S. E. Significance was assessed by GLM with Holm-Sidak post-hoc test. Significance between groups is shown by dissimilar letters (P < 0.05).