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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Twin Res Hum Genet. 2015 Feb;18(1):43–51. doi: 10.1017/thg.2014.78

TABLE 1.

Smoking Initiation and Progression Prevalence of Sample

% Initiated smoking (indicated having ever smoked)
Age 12–13 Age 14–15 Age 16–17 Age 22–32
Total sample 10.4 27.4 46.6 79.1
MZ males 12.0 32.0 48.0 77.5
MZ females 8.6 22.2 35.0 76.6
DZ males 11.2 31.3 46.8 84.2
DZ females 8.0 26.8 32.6 78.5
DZ opposite sex 12.4 27.8 50.2 82.6
% Non-current smokers (0 cigarettes smoked daily)
Age 12–13 Age 14–15 Age 16–17 Age 22–32
Total sample 91.2 85.1 84.3 58.0
MZ males 80.6 86.4 83.7 59.3
MZ females 96.9 88.1 88.1 62.3
DZ males 100.0 83.9 77.8 53.1
DZ females 100.0 86.0 87.2 58.0
DZ opposite sex 89.7 79.5 84.4 52.3
% Current, light smokers (1–5 cigarettes smoked daily)
Age 12–13 Age 14–15 Age 16–17 Age 22–32
Total sample 8.8 8.2 5.9 13.3
MZ males 19.4 6.8 7.8 15.7
MZ females 3.1 5.9 2.4 10.4
DZ males 0.0 9.7 7.4 12.5
DZ females 0.0 8.0 2.1 12.5
DZ opposite sex 10.3 12.3 7.1 16.5
% Current, heavy smokers (5+ cigarettes smoked daily)
Age 12–13 Age 14–15 Age 16–17 Age 22–32
Total sample 0.0 6.7 9.8 28.8
MZ males 0.0 6.8 8.5 25.0
MZ females 0.0 5.9 9.5 27.3
DZ males 0.0 6.5 14.8 34.4
DZ females 0.0 6.0 10.6 29.5
DZ opposite sex 0.0 8.2 8.4 31.3