Table 5.

Meaningful engagement by SUPERs

Training activities by SUPERs	Impact/effect on SUPERs
Participated in capacity-building activities:  - 4 sessions, 12 h face-to-face  - Timeline activity to elicit past personal experiences of language barriers confirmed value and importance of experiential knowledge in PLA research	• Developed trust and rapport within combined community-university research team (FDB) • Empowered SUPERs by enhancing knowledge about cross-cultural communication in academic literature (PE)
Engaged in intensive PLA training:  - 6 sessions, 28 h face-to-face  - additional piloting and practice hours	• Generated a skilled multiethnic, multilingual team capable of facilitating PLA research (FDB) • Supported development of perceived confidence and competence to act as peer researchers (FDB) (PE)
Research activities by SUPERs	Impact/effect on SUPERs
Facilitated sequence of PLA techniques in language-concordant manner  - 1 session, 7 h face-to-face	• Empowered SUPERs as active key ‘instruments’ in PLA research (FDB)  • Confirmed value of language skills and cultural knowledge as means of addressing and ameliorating language and culture barriers in research (FDB)  • Emphasised SUPERs’ ability to create inclusive research environment (FDB)
Applied range of mixed visual–verbal PLA techniques Used co-designed protocol document Culture-proofed PLA materials for use in various techniques	• Empowered SUPERs as researchers – visual nature of techniques ameliorated migrants’ literacy challenges during research process (CH) (FDB)  • Confirmed unique value of SUPERs’ active input into co-design of protocol and culture-proofing of PLA materials (FDB)
Identified and trained a ‘materials manager’ to assist with use of PLA materials, data displays, photography and group management	• Empowered SUPERs as decision-makers (FDB)
Facilitated on-the-spot analysis with MSUs	• Confirmed SUPERs in their ability to engage in data co-analysis processes, which built confidence for subsequent team co-analysis (FDB)
Evaluated PLA research process Debriefed PLA research process	• Highlighted the positive relational environment SUPERs succeeded in generating during research process with migrants (FDB)  • Enabled SUPERs to identify key strengths, learning, potential improvements (re PLA process, re own skills and competencies) (FDB) • Allowed SUPERs to identify perceived benefits of engagement for themselves and their communities (FDB)
Co-analysed research results	• Confirmed SUPERs’ skills in eliciting migrant perspectives during PLA fieldwork; confirmed value of SUPERs’ continuing involvement and input into research (FDB) (CH) (PTAN)