(a) Map of the five archipelagos and 56 islands included in this analysis; (b) data were collected from 17 islands in the Hawaiian Archipelago, (c) 21 islands in the Line and Phoenix Islands, and Wake and Johnston Atolls, (d) six islands in American Samoa and (e) 14 islands in the Marianas. Circles designate uninhabited islands, while stars designate inhabited islands. Three letter codes indicate island names which are defined in the electronic supplementary material, table S1.