Fig. 12.

Size differences in skeletal derivatives of pharyngeal arches 1 and 2 between CA and DC larvae. a–f Dissected and flat-mounted alizarin red-/alcian blue-stained first and second pharyngeal arch skeletons of 5 dpf (a, b), 8 dpf (c, d) and 15 dpf (e, f) CA and DC larvae. g Upper jaw skeleton of 15 dpf CA. h ceratohyal complex skeleton of 15 dpf CA. i Upper jaw skeleton of 15 dpf DC. j ceratohyal complex skeleton of 15 dpf DC. k–n Mean and distribution of MC (k), PQ (l), CH (m) and HS (n) surface area in 15 dpf CA and DC (n = 5, each). o–q Mean and distribution of premaxillary processes angle (o), dentigerous process length (p) and ascending process length (q) in 15 dpf CA and DC (n = 5, each). r–t Mean and distribution of lower jaw length (r), DE thickness (s) and CH length (t) in 15 dpf CA and DC (n = 5, each). Scale bar 200 μm. ***p < 0.001, Tukey’s HSD test. Bone nomenclature after [64]. AR articular, BH basihyal, BSR branchiostegal rays, CH ceratohyal, DE dentary, DHH dorsal hypohyal, EH epihyal, ENP entopterygoid, HH hypohyal, HS hyosymplectic, IH interhyal, IOP interoperculum, MP metapterygoid, MX maxilla, OP operculum, P palatine, PMX premaxilla, POP preoperculum, Q quadrate, SOP suboperculum, SY symplectic, VHH ventral hypohyal