Table 1.

Effects of different stress paradigms on neuronal morphology in the rodent amygdala.

Paradigm	Duration	Species	Sex	Dendritic morphology	Reference
CIS	10 days	Adult Wistar rats	Male	Hypertrophy of pyramidal neurons	Vyas et al., 2002
CUS	10 days	Adult Wistar rats	Male	Hypertrophy of bipolar neurons	Vyas et al., 2002
CIS	21 days	Adult Wistar rats	Male	Hypertrophy of pyramidal neurons	Vyas et al., 2006
CIS	10 days	Adult Wistar rats	Male	Hypertrophy of pyramidal neurons; inhibited by tianeptine	Pillai et al., 2012
Restraint	21 days	Adult c57/Bl6 mice	Male	Hypertrophy of pyramidal neurons	Hill et al., 2013
CIS	10 days	Adult c57/Bl6 mice	Male	Hypertrophy of pyramidal neurons	Qin et al., 2011
Restraint	21 days	Adult SD rats	Male	Hypertrophy of pyramidal neurons; inhibited by lithium	Johnson et al., 2009
Restraint	intermittent	Adult SD rats	Male	Hypertrophy of pyramidal neurons	Padival et al., 2013
SPS + recovery	1 day	Adult SD rats	Male	Hypertrophy of pyramidal neurons	Cui et al., 2008
Isolation stress	8 weeks	PDN 28 Wistar rats	Male	Increased complexity of BLA pyramidal neurons; no change in dendritic length	Wang et al., 2012
Cort Rx	1 day; 10 day delay	Adult Wistar rats	Male	Hypertrophy of pyramidal neurons	Mitra and Sapolsky, 2008
Cort Rx	1 day; 10 day delay	Adult SD rats	Male	Hypertrophy of pyramidal neurons	Kim et al., 2014
SIS	5 weeks	Adult SD rats	Male	Hypertrophy of pyramidal neurons	Tsai et al., 2014
Restraint stress	21 days	Juvenile SD rats	Male & female	Hypertrophy of pyramidal neurons	Eiland et al., 2012
Restraint stress	21 days	Adult SD rats	Male & female	Hypertrophy of pyramidal neurons	Eiland et al., 2012
CIS	21 days	GIN mice	Male	Atrophy of BLA interneurons	Gilabert-Juan et al., 2011
Platform stress	1 day	Adult SD rats	Male	Atrophy of BLA pyramidal neurons	Maroun, 2013
SIS	5 weeks	Adolescent SD rats	Male	Atrophy of BLA pyramidal neurons	Tsai et al., 2014
Restraint	10 days	Adult SD rats	Male	Atrophy of BLA pyramidal neurons; inhibited by agomelatine	Grillo et al., 2015
CUS	10 days	Adult Wistar rats	Male	No change in BLA morphology	Vyas et al., 2002
CUS	28 days	Adult Wistar rats	Male	No change in BLA morphology	Pego et al., 2008
Cort Rx	28 days	Adult Wistar rats	Male	No change in BLA morphology	Pego et al., 2008
Cort Rx	21 days	Adult SD rats	Male	No change in BLA morphology	Morales-Medina et al., 2009
Cort Rx	10 days	Adult Wistar rats	Male	No change in BLA morphology	Mitra and Sapolsky, 2008
Maternal deprivation	24 h	Adult Wistar rats	Male & female	No change in BLA morphology	Krugers et al., 2012
Predator stress	10 min	Adult Long-Evans rats	Male	No change in BLA morphology	Adamec et al., 2012

Abbreviations. CIS: chronic immobilization stress. CUS: Chronic unpredictable stress. SPS: single prolonged stress. CORT Rx: corticosterone administration. SIS: social instability stress. SD: Sprague Dawley. PND: post-natal day.