Table 3.
Adjusted associations between near neighborhood attributes and physical activity behavior (regression coefficienta (95% confidence interval)).
| Total PA (cpm) |
MVPA (min/day) |
Sedentary (min/day) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit | Baseline modelb | Expanded modelc | Baseline modelb | Expanded modelc | Baseline modelb | Expanded modelc | |
| Main street density | m per 200 m buffer | − 7.9 (− 18.1, 2.2) |
− 6.1 (− 17.0, 4.8) |
− 0.9 (− 3.7, 1.9) |
− 0.9 (− 3.7, 2.2) |
− 1.1 (− 5.1, 2.9) |
− 1.3 (− 5.6, 3.1) |
| Population density | n/9 ha | 3.4 (− 7.8, 14.7) |
2.7 (− 0.4, 5.8) |
− 2.1 (− 6.6, 2.3) |
|||
| Building density (in model 2 representative for central urban areas) |
n/9 ha | 12.1 (− 0.4, 24.6) |
17.3 (2.9, 31.7)⁎ |
2.9 (− 0.5, 6.4) |
4.2 (0.2, 8.2)⁎ |
− 0.8 (− 5.8, 4.1) |
− 4.2 (− 10, 1.5) |
| Intersection density | n per 200 m buffer | 2.4 (− 7.4 to 12.2) |
1.7 (− 1.0, 4.4) |
− 1.2 (− 5.1, 2.7) |
|||
| Mixed land use | Score 1–5 | 8.3 (− 9.4, 25.9) |
3.2 (− 1.7, 8.0) |
− 2.8 (− 9.8, 4.2) |
|||
| Green space | ha/9 ha | 7.6 (− 1.9, 17.0) |
12.0 (1.8, 22.7)⁎ |
1.4 (− 1.2, 3.9) |
2.4 (− 0.4, 5.2) |
− 3.6 (− 7.4, 0.2) |
− 4.5 (− 8.7, − 0.4)⁎ |
| Woods | ha/9 ha | 1.2 (− 5.7, 8.1) |
3.3 (− 3.6, 10.3) |
− 0.5 (− 2.4, 1.4) |
− 0.1 (− 2.1, 2.0) |
0.8 (− 1.9, 3.6) |
0.5 (− 2.7, 3.6) |
| Schoolchildren density | n/9 ha | 4.0 (− 3.5 11.5) |
2.6 (− 3.4, 8.6) |
− 0.4 (− 2.5, 1.6) |
− 0.5 (− 2.2, 1.1) |
2.3 (− 0.7, 5.3) |
1.9 (− 0.5, 4.2) |
| Socioeconomic neighborhood position (Swiss SEP)d | Deciles 1–10 | 15.5 (1.0, 30.0)⁎ |
11.4 (− 3.6, 26.4) | 2.0 (− 2.0, 6.0) |
1.3 (− 2.8, 5.4) |
4.7 (− 1.1, 10.5) |
4.4 (− 1.6, 10.4) |
PA = physical activity.
cpm = counts per minute.
MVPA = moderate to vigorous physical activity.
Green space = parks, playgrounds and meadows.
All studies were conducted in Switzerland between 2005 and 2010.
⁎
p < 0.05.
a
For an increase of one interquartile range (from the 25th to the 75th percentile) of each environmental attribute.
b
Baseline model: adjusted for sex, age, season of data collection, accelerometer device wearing time and study.
c
Expanded model: adjusted for baseline model plus all neighborhood attributes shown in the table.
d
1 = lowest decile of the Swiss socioeconomic neighborhood position score.