Table 4.

Multivariate analysis examined the relationship between the variables listed and change in visit frequency to physicians and to the emergency department at 12 months pre- and post-Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP).

		Physician visits				ED visits
Variable (Comparitor)	Category	Estimate	95% Cl (lower; upper)		P value	Estimate	95% Cl (lower; upper)		P value
Intercept		2.01	1.46	2.56	< .0001	1.68	0.13	3.23	0.03
Program		− 0.04	− 0.11	0.04	0.37	− 0.16	− 0.54	0.22	0.42
Gender (ref = female)	Male	− 0.08	− 0.31	0.15	0.49	0.70	0.00	1.40	0.05
Age group (ref = 19–39)	40–66	0.04	− 0.37	0.45	0.85	− 2.22	− 3.41	− 1.03	0.00
	> 66	0.03	− 0.39	0.45	0.89	− 2.48	− 3.73	− 1.22	0.00
Rurality (ref = urban)	Rural	− 0.22	− 0.43	− 0.02	0.03	0.38	− 0.29	1.05	0.27
Marital status (ref = married)	Single	0.13	− 0.11	0.36	0.30	− 0.23	− 0.94	0.49	0.53
	Divorced	0.11	− 0.21	0.42	0.51	0.45	− 0.36	1.25	0.28
	Widowed	0.37	− 0.01	0.75	0.06	0.75	− 0.18	1.68	0.11
Number of chronic conditions (ref = 1)	2–4	0.17	− 0.08	0.42	0.18	0.48	− 0.21	1.18	0.17
	5 +	0.71	0.42	1.00	< .0001	1.59	0.69	2.48	0.00
Income (ref = quintile 1)	Quintile 2	0.19	− 0.10	0.48	0.19	− 0.04	− 0.84	0.75	0.92
	Quintile 3	− 0.24	− 0.61	0.13	0.20	0.05	− 0.89	0.99	0.92
	Quintile 4	0.06	− 0.22	0.35	0.66	− 0.81	− 1.59	− 0.03	0.04
	Quintile 5	0.23	− 0.02	0.48	0.07	0.33	− 0.47	1.13	0.42

Statistically significant values shown in bold.

Data collected between September 2009 and January 2011.